Modelling Health in University Students: Are Young Women More Complicated Than Men?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Tools of Measurement
2.2.1. Perceived Health
2.2.2. Psychological Distress (PD)
2.2.3. Sense of Coherence (SoC)
2.2.4. Health Locus of Control (HLoC)
2.2.5. Body Mass Index (BMI)
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Construction of the Model
2.5. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA)
3. Results
3.1. Variable Selection for Modelling “Health”
3.2. Result of MANCOVA for Men
3.3. Result of MANCOVA for Women
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Sense of Coherence 1 | Psychological Distress 2 | Perceived Health 3 | Overall Effect on the Multivariate Outcome | Partial Eta Squared 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F-ratios from the Tests of between Subject Effects | p-Value | According to Wilks’ Lambda | |||
Intercept | 71.254 ** | 62.273 ** | 65.218 ** | <0.001 | 0.558 |
Social support from peers at the university | 0.702 | 0.234 | 0.328 | 0.855 | 0.005 |
Social support from family, friends | 3.528 * | 0.757 | 0.258 | 0.048 | 0.031 |
Use of sedatives with prescription | 0.199 | 0.367 | 0.919 | 0.937 | 0.005 |
Use of sedatives without prescription | 0.160 | 0.770 | 0.725 | 0.957 | 0.007 |
Fruit consumption | 2.058 | 1.666 | 1.150 | 0.378 | 0.021 |
Physical activity | 1.506 | 1.143 | 2.262 * | 0.022 | 0.052 |
Smoking | 0.693 | 1.167 | 2.490 * | 0.022 | 0.052 |
Arts | 0.000 | 1.843 | 2.258 | 0.306 | 0.015 |
Dance | 1.615 | 2.079 | 8.679 ** | 0.034 | 0.035 |
Sport | 0.317 | 0.442 | 0.034 | 0.724 | 0.005 |
Age | 0.058 | 0.021 | 0.699 | 0.814 | 0.004 |
Social support from peers × sport | 1.550 | 1.780 | 0.252 | 0.302 | 0.015 |
Smoking × sport | 0.314 | 1.178 | 1.075 | 0.507 | 0.019 |
Physical activity × sport | 1.492 | 2.625 * | 1.551 | 0.013 | 0.039 |
Social support from family, friends × age | 2.024 | 0.845 | 0.193 | 0.341 | 0.014 |
Variable | Sense of Coherence 1 | Psychological Distress 2 | Perceived Health 3 | Overall Effect on the Multivariate Outcome | Partial Eta Squared 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F-Ratios from the Tests of between Subject Effects | p-Value | According to Wilks’ Lambda | |||
Intercept | 82.360 | 130.549 | 42.212 | <0.001 | 0.401 |
Social support from peers at the university | 4.827 ** | 0.183 | 0.764 | 0.035 | 0.012 |
Social support from family, friends | 1.626 | 6.084 ** | 2.011 | 0.021 | 0.013 |
Use of sedatives with prescription | 1.294 | 0.999 | 2.791 * | 0.149 | 0.012 |
Use of sedatives without prescription | 4.761 ** | 2.545 * | 3.085 * | 0.001 | 0.020 |
Fruit consumption | 2.094 | 3.658 ** | 4.500 ** | 0.001 | 0.023 |
Physical activity | 2.698 * | 1.887 | 1.831 | 0.084 | 0.014 |
Smoking | 1.819 | 1.320 | 2.830 * | 0.018 | 0.017 |
Arts | 1.295 | 1.432 | 0.101 | 0.565 | 0.004 |
Dance | 0.074 | 7.438 ** | 0.078 | 0.024 | 0.017 |
Sport | 0.078 | 0.882 | 2.119 | 0.364 | 0.006 |
Age | 7.353 ** | 1.377 | 5.580 * | 0.014 | 0.019 |
Social support from peers × sport | 0.529 | 4.288 * | 1.754 | 0.021 | 0.013 |
Smoking × sport | 1.783 | 1.007 | 3.579 ** | 0.030 | 0.016 |
Physical activity × sport | 2.211 | 1.289 | 0.405 | 0.378 | 0.010 |
Social support from family, friends × age | 0.263 | 4.182 * | 1.241 | 0.135 | 0.009 |
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Bíró, É.; Kovács, S.; Veres-Balajti, I.; Ádány, R.; Kósa, K. Modelling Health in University Students: Are Young Women More Complicated Than Men? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 7310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147310
Bíró É, Kovács S, Veres-Balajti I, Ádány R, Kósa K. Modelling Health in University Students: Are Young Women More Complicated Than Men? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(14):7310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147310
Chicago/Turabian StyleBíró, Éva, Sándor Kovács, Ilona Veres-Balajti, Róza Ádány, and Karolina Kósa. 2021. "Modelling Health in University Students: Are Young Women More Complicated Than Men?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147310