Dental Amalgam Fillings and Multiple Sclerosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Case–Control Study in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Database and Study Design
2.2. Selection of Case and Control Groups
2.3. Exposure Assessment
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 1224) | Multiple Sclerosis (n = 612) | Non-Multiple Sclerosis (n = 612) | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | % | Population | % | Population | % | ||
Amalgam filling | 61.85% | 61.85% | 61.85% | 61.85% | 61.85% | 61.85% | 1.000 |
Age | 50.61 ± 16.83 | 50.61 ± 16.46 | 50.69 ± 17.20 | 0.869 | |||
Age groups | 0.892 | ||||||
18–29 | 129 | 10.54% | 61 | 9.97% | 68 | 11.11% | |
30–39 | 234 | 19.12% | 115 | 18.79% | 119 | 19.44% | |
40–49 | 225 | 18.38% | 123 | 20.10% | 102 | 16.67% | |
50–59 | 270 | 22.06% | 132 | 21.57% | 138 | 22.55% | |
60–69 | 176 | 14.38% | 90 | 14.71% | 86 | 14.05% | |
70–79 | 116 | 9.48% | 56 | 9.15% | 60 | 9.80% | |
>80 | 74 | 6.05% | 35 | 5.72% | 39 | 6.37% | |
Gender | 0.279 | ||||||
Female | 804 | 65.69% | 393 | 64.22% | 411 | 67.16% | |
Male | 420 | 34.31% | 219 | 35.78% | 201 | 32.84% | |
Urbanization | 0.866 | ||||||
Urban | 764 | 62.42% | 389 | 63.56% | 375 | 61.27% | |
Suburban | 334 | 27.29% | 151 | 24.67% | 183 | 29.90% | |
Rural | 126 | 10.29% | 72 | 11.76% | 54 | 8.82% | |
CCI | 0.376 | ||||||
0 | 267 | 21.81% | 121 | 19.77% | 146 | 23.86% | |
1 | 287 | 23.45% | 140 | 22.88% | 147 | 24.02% | |
2 | 204 | 16.67% | 109 | 17.81% | 95 | 15.52% | |
≥3 | 466 | 38.07% | 242 | 39.54% | 224 | 36.60% | |
Monthly income | 0.579 | ||||||
<NT$ 20,000 | 954 | 77.94% | 472 | 77.12% | 482 | 78.76% | |
NT$ 20,000–40,000 | 166 | 13.56% | 87 | 14.22% | 79 | 12.91% | |
>NT$ 40,000 | 104 | 8.50% | 53 | 8.66% | 51 | 8.33% |
With MS (n = 612) | Without MS (n = 612) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Patients | % | No. of Patients | % | |
Non-AMF | 246 | 40.20% | 221 | 36.11% |
AMF | 366 | 59.80% | 391 | 63.89% |
OR (95% CI) | 0.841 (0.668–1.059) | 1.00 | ||
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 0.823 (0.648–1.046) | 1.00 |
Female (n = 804) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
With MS (n = 393) | Without MS (n = 411) | |||
No. of Patients | % | No. of Patients | % | |
Non-AMF | 153 | 38.93% | 135 | 32.85% |
AMF | 240 | 61.07% | 276 | 67.15% |
OR (95% CI) | 0.767 (0.575–1.024) | 1.00 | ||
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 0.743 (0.552–1.000) | 1.00 |
Male (n = 420) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
With MS (n = 219) | Without MS (n = 201) | |||
No. of Patients | % | No. of Patients | % | |
Non-AMF | 93 | 42.47% | 86 | 42.79% |
AMF | 126 | 57.53% | 115 | 57.21% |
OR (95% CI) | 1.013 (0.688–1.492) | 1.00 | ||
Adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1.006 (0.670–1.509) | 1.00 |
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Share and Cite
Tseng, C.-F.; Chen, K.-H.; Yu, H.-C.; Huang, F.-M.; Chang, Y.-C. Dental Amalgam Fillings and Multiple Sclerosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Case–Control Study in Taiwan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082637
Tseng C-F, Chen K-H, Yu H-C, Huang F-M, Chang Y-C. Dental Amalgam Fillings and Multiple Sclerosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Case–Control Study in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(8):2637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082637
Chicago/Turabian StyleTseng, Chien-Fang, Kun-Huang Chen, Hui-Chieh Yu, Fu-Mei Huang, and Yu-Chao Chang. 2020. "Dental Amalgam Fillings and Multiple Sclerosis: A Nationwide Population-Based Case–Control Study in Taiwan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082637