Investigation on Life Satisfaction of Rural-to-Urban Migrant Workers in China: A Moderated Mediation Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Subjective Relative Deprivation and Mental Health
2.2. Linking Social Capital and Mental Health
2.3. Friendship as a Moderator
2.4. Subjective Relative Deprivation and Linking Social Capital
2.5. Internal Migrants’ Life Satisfaction
3. Methods
3.1. Subjects and Procedure
3.2. Measures
3.3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Mean ± SD (Range) N (%) | Number of Cases |
---|---|---|
Age | 34.54 ± 10.37 (16–76) | 2435 |
Gender | ||
Male | 1394 (57.08%) | 2442 |
Female | 1048 (42.92%) | |
Marital status | ||
With a spouse | 1793 (73.48%) | 2440 |
Single (unmarried/divorced/widowed) | 647 (26.52%) | |
Education | ||
Primary education or below | 277 (11.35%) | 2441 |
Junior high education | 1001 (41.01%) | |
Senior high or technical secondary education | 781 (32.00%) | |
tertiary education and above | 382 (15.65%) | |
Monthly income (RMB) | 3866.053 ± 1861.695(1500–9000) | 2359 |
Occupation | ||
Employed | 1706 (77.97%) | 2188 |
Self-employed | 482 (22.03%) | |
Duration of stay | 8.40 ± 7.46(1–63) | 2436 |
Immigration distance | ||
Inter-provincial migration | 911 (37.31%) | 2442 |
Inner-provincial migration | 1531 (62.69%) | |
Immigratory place | ||
Changsha | 1245 (50.98%) | 2442 |
Xiamen | 1197 (49.02%) |
Variable | Mean ± SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Subjective relative deprivation | 4.36 ± 0.89 | 1 | −0.05 * | −0.07 * | −0.29 * |
2. Linking social capital | 1.59 ± 0.57 | 1 | 0.05 * | 0.09 * | |
3. Friendship network size | 34.95 ± 31.38 | 1 | 0.02 | ||
4. Life satisfaction | 3.59 ± 0.81 | 1 |
Variable | Linking Social Capital | Life Satisfaction | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total Effects | Direct Effects | Indirect Effects | ||
Subjective relative deprivation | −0.052 * | −0.284 *** | −0.280 *** | −0.004 *[−0.008, −0.00005] |
Linking social capital | — | 0.079 *** | 0.079 *** | — |
Age | 0.171 *** | 0.084 ** | 0.071 ** | 0.013 ** |
Gender | 0.010 | −0.049 * | −0.050 * | 0.001 |
Marital status | −0.015 | −0.004 | −0.002 | −0.001 |
Education | 0.035 | 0.051 * | 0.048 * | 0.003 |
Income | −0.019 | 0.010 | 0.011 | −0.002 |
Occupation | −0.004 | 0.018 | 0.017 | −0.0003 |
Duration of stay | −0.028 | 0.044 | 0.046 * | −0.002 |
Origin areas | −0.002 | −0.008 | −0.008 | −0.0001 |
Immigratory place | 0.222 *** | −0.0132 | −0.031 | 0.017 ** |
Variable | Linking Social Capital | Life Satisfaction | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Total Effects | Direct Effects | Indirect Effects | ||
Subjective relative deprivation | −0.052 * | −0.283 *** | −0.279 *** | −0.004 * [−0.008, −0.0001] |
Linking social capital | — | 0.080 *** | 0.080 *** | — |
Friendship network size | — | 0.011 | 0.011 | — |
Linking social capital × Friendship network size | — | −0.081 ** | −0.081 ** | — |
Age | 0.171 *** | 0.083 *** | 0.070 ** | 0.014 ** |
Gender | 0.010 | −0.052 * | −0.053 ** | 0.001 |
Marital status | −0.015 | −0.003 | −0.001 | −0.001 |
Education | 0.035 | 0.051 * | 0.048 * | 0.003 |
Income | −0.019 | 0.007 | 0.009 | −0.002 |
Occupation | −0.004 | 0.019 | 0.019 | −0.0003 |
Duration of stay | −0.028 | 0.041 | 0.044 * | −0.002 |
Origin areas | −0.002 | −0.006 | −0.006 | −0.0001 |
Immigratory place | 0.222 *** | −0.0132 | −0.031 | 0.018 *** |
Variable | Coef. | BootSE | z | p > |z| | BC [95% CI] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Friendship network size | −0.008 | 0.004 | −20.08 | 0.037 | −0.0191 | −0.0018 |
Average Friendship network size | −0.004 | 0.002 | −10.94 | 0.052 | −0.0109 | −0.0010 |
High Friendship network size | −0.0001 | 0.002 | −0.07 | 0.946 | −0.0042 | 0.0031 |
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Liu, Q.; Pan, H. Investigation on Life Satisfaction of Rural-to-Urban Migrant Workers in China: A Moderated Mediation Model. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072454
Liu Q, Pan H. Investigation on Life Satisfaction of Rural-to-Urban Migrant Workers in China: A Moderated Mediation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(7):2454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072454
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Qian, and Haimin Pan. 2020. "Investigation on Life Satisfaction of Rural-to-Urban Migrant Workers in China: A Moderated Mediation Model" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2454. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072454