Associations of Nativity, Age at Migration, and Percent of Life in the U.S. with Midlife Body Mass Index and Waist Size in New York City Latinas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Data Collection
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Migration History
2.2.2. Body Size
2.2.3. Sociodemographic Variables
2.2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Body Mass Index | Waist Circumference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | % Overall Obese | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | % Central Obese | |
Educational Attainment | ||||||
Less than High School (242) | 31.3 (5.9) | 30.9 (7.1) | 132 (54.5) | 94.8 (12.1) | 94.0 (16.0) | 171 (70.7) |
High School Graduate (184) | 30.5 (5.3) | 29.6 (6.0) | 87 (47.3) | 93.8 (12.3) | 93.0 (15.0) | 120 (65.2) |
Some College (179) | 30.1 (5.4) | 29.1 (7.0) | 76 (42.5) | 93.2 (11.4) | 91.0 (15.5) | 115 (64.2) |
Bachelor’s or higher degree (182) | 29.6 (5.9) | 28.9 (7.4) | 81 (44.5) | 92.9 (13.0) | 91.0 (16.8) | 113 (62.1) |
Marital Status | ||||||
Single, never married (159) | 30.8 (5.9) | 30.1 (7.9) | 83 (52.2) | 95.9 (12.9) | 94.0 (18.3) | 114 (71.7) |
Married or currently living with a partner (334) | 30.2 (5.2) | 29.8 (6.9) | 161 (48.2) | 93.0 (11.5) | 92.3 (14.0) | 215 (64.4) |
Other (292) | 30.5 (6.0) | 32.1 (1.7) | 130 (44.5) | 93.4 (12.5) | 91.0 (16.5) | 188 (64.4) |
Race | ||||||
White (210) | 30.7 (6.0) | 30.1 (8.1) | 106 (50.5) | 93.6 (13.0) | 91.5 (17.8) | 126 (60.0) |
Black (172) | 30.5 (5.7) | 29.7 (6.9) | 83 (48.3) | 92.5 (12.1) | 91.0 (16.0) | 107 (62.2) |
Mixed race or other (405) | 30.3 (5.5) | 29.4 (6.9) | 187 (46.2) | 94.4 (11.8) | 93.5 (15.0) | 286 (70.6) |
Nativity | ||||||
U.S.-born (98) | 31.4 (7.3) | 30.3 (10.4) | 50 (51.0) | 97.4 (16.1) | 94.0 (25.1) | 68 (69.4) |
Foreign-Born Dominican Republic (597) | 30.3 (5.1) | 29.6 (6.6) | 286 (47.9) | 92.9 (11.1) | 92.0 (15.0) | 393 (65.8) |
Foreign-born Other (92) | 30.6 (7.1) | 29.3 (8.4) | 40 (43.5) | 95.3 (13.5) | 93.0 (16.9) | 58 (63.0) |
Among Foreign-Born | ||||||
% of Life Spent in the U.S. | ||||||
50%–99% (389) | 30.7 (5.7) | 29.9 (7.40) | 193 (49.6) | 94.1 (11.87) | 93 (16.0) | 261 (67.1) |
<50% (300) | 29.8 (4.9) | 29.4 (6.36) | 133 (44.3) | 92.1 (10.81) | 91 (14.3) | 190 (63.3) |
Age at Migration to the U.S. | ||||||
Migrated when <20 years old (early life, 216) | 31.1 (5.8) | 30.3 (7.3) | 115 (53.2) | 94.9 (11.9) | 93.8 (16.0) | 152 (70.4) |
Migrated when 20–29 years old (young adult, 249) | 30.0 (5.3) | 28.9 (6.8) | 111 (44.6) | 92.9 (11.7) | 91.5 (15.0) | 156 (62.7) |
Migrated when ≥30 years old (later adult, 224) | 29.8 (5.0) | 29.3 (6.5) | 100 (44.6) | 92.0 (10.6) | 91.0 (15.0) | 143 (63.8) |
Panel | Migration | Body Mass Index | Waist Circumference | ||
Linear Model ǂ | Logistic Regression ¥ | Linear Model ǂ | Logistic Regression ¥ | ||
β (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||
Panel A | Nativity | ||||
U.S.-born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Foreign-Born Dominican Republic | −2.0 (−3.24, −0.76) | 0.68 (0.43, 1.07) | −6.10 (−8.76, −3.44) | 0.67 (0.40, 1.07) | |
Foreign-born Other | −1.57 (−3.18, 0.04) | 0.57 (0.31, 1.02) | −3.78 (−7.24, −0.31) | 0.58 (0.31, 1.09) | |
Panel B | % of Life Spent in the U.S. | ||||
U.S.-born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
50%–99% | −1.64 (−2.94, −0.35) | 0.71 (0.44, 1.14) | −4.97 (−7.75, −2.20) | 0.69 (0.41, 1.14) | |
<50% | −2.24 (−3.54, −0.94) | 0.62 (0.38, 0.99) | −6.65 (−9.37, −3.80) | 0.62 (0.37, 1.02) | |
Panel C | Age at Migration to the U.S. | ||||
U.S.-born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Migrated when <20 years old | −1.10 (−2.46, 0.27) | 0.86 (0.52, 1.41) | −3.99 (−6.92, −1.05) | 0.84 (0.48, 1.43) | |
Migrated when 20–29 years old | −2.24 (−3.58, −0.89) | 0.60 (0.36, 0.98) | −5.99 (−8.90, −3.10) | 0.58 (0.34, 0.98) | |
Migrated when ≥30 years old | −2.43 (−3.79, −1.07) | 0.58 (0.35, 0.95) | −7.20 (−10.21, −4.28) | 0.59 (0.34, 0.99) |
Panel | Migration | Quantile ᵻ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10th Percentile | 25th Percentile | 50th Percentile | 75th Percentile | 90th Percentile | ||
β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | ||
Panel A | Nativity | |||||
U.S.-born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Foreign-Born Dominican Republic | 0.23 (−1.25, 2.93) | 0.08 (−0.94, 1.14) | −1.30 (−2.80, 0.47) | −3.72 (−6.41, −0.43) | −6.26 (−9.97, −4.52) | |
Foreign-born Other | 0.41 (−2.43, 2.90) | −0.90 (−2.22, 0.65) | −1.96 (−3.12, 0.27) | −2.62 (−6.70, 0.63) | −4.25 (−9.14, 0.95) | |
Panel B | % of Life Spent in the U.S. | |||||
U.S.-born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
50–99% | 0.23 (−1.21, 2.74) | −0.15 (−1.33, 1.04) | −1.54 (−2.80, 0.60) | −2.86 (−5.38, 0.80) | −5.58 (−8.98, −3.22) | |
<50% | 0.03 (−1.29, 2.76) | 0.04 (−1.01, 0.96) | −1.54 (−2.90, 0.30) | −4.10 (−6.75, −0.81) | −7.32 (−10.81, −4.90) | |
Panel C | Age at Migration to the U.S. | |||||
U.S.-born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Migrated when <20 years old | 0.90 (−0.96, 2.82) | 0.60 (−0.68, 1.95) | −0.46 (−2.18, 1.55) | −2.21 (−5.0, 1.16) | −4.82 (−8.68, −.46) | |
Migrated when 20–29 years old | 0.11 (−1.38, 2.30) | −0.36 (−1.56, 0.69) | −1.55 (−3.16, 0.32) | −3.88 (−6.61, −0.46) | −5.98 (−9.93, −3.59) | |
Migrated when ≥30 years old | −0.04 (−1.51, 1.93) | 0.04 (−0.87, 1.08) | −1.71 (−3.12, 0.35) | −4.34 (−7.07, −0.88) | −7.41 (−10.54, −4.90) |
Panel | Migration | Quantile ᵻ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10th Percentile | 25th Percentile | 50th Percentile | 75th Percentile | 90th Percentile | ||
β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | β (95% CI) | ||
Panel A | Nativity | |||||
U.S.-born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Foreign-Born Dominican Republic | −1.43 (−5.05, 3.65) | −2.08 (−4.27, 0.71) | −3.24 (−8.28, 2.15) | −11.55 (−16.68, −4.15) | −14.76 (−21.28, −7.26) | |
Foreign-born Other | 0.63 (−4.10, 5.03) | −1.96 (−4.45, 1.56) | −2.59 (−7.0, 2.68) | −8.50 (−16.80, 0.86) | −8.40 (−13.95, 1.49) | |
Panel B | % of Life Spent in the U.S. | |||||
U.S.-born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
50–99% | −1.05 (−4.94, 4.06) | −1.87 (−3.69, 1.15) | −2.98 (−8.0, 2.78) | −10.40 (−16.24, −2.34) | −10.71 (−18.93, −4.92) | |
<50% | −1.50 (−4.67, 3.82) | −2.31 (−4.49, 0.66) | −3.84 (−10.04, 1.49) | −12.62 (−17.96, −4.88) | −14.47 (−23.23, −8.70) | |
Panel C | Age at Migration to the U.S. | |||||
U.S.-born | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
Migrated when <20 years old | −0.89 (−4.02, 3.89) | −1.68 (−3.56, 2.49) | −2.20 (−6.61, 2.18) | −9.26 (−14.75, −0.60) | −9.51 (−18.15, −3.98) | |
Migrated when 20–29 years old | −0.88 (−5.34, 2.70) | −1.96 (−4.39, 0.97) | −3.98 (−9.40, 0.71) | −11.80 (−17.96, −.34) | −13.60 (−22.43, −7.09) | |
Migrated when ≥30 years old | −2.32 (−6.11, 2.37) | −2.67 (−4.56, 0.77) | −4.73 (−10.30, 0.49) | −13.10 (−18.60, −4.73) | −16.18 (−24.90, −9.27) |
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Rodriguez, C.B.; Wei, Y.; Terry, M.B.; Wyka, K.; Athilat, S.; Albrecht, S.S.; Tehranifar, P. Associations of Nativity, Age at Migration, and Percent of Life in the U.S. with Midlife Body Mass Index and Waist Size in New York City Latinas. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 2436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072436
Rodriguez CB, Wei Y, Terry MB, Wyka K, Athilat S, Albrecht SS, Tehranifar P. Associations of Nativity, Age at Migration, and Percent of Life in the U.S. with Midlife Body Mass Index and Waist Size in New York City Latinas. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(7):2436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072436
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodriguez, Carmen B., Ying Wei, Mary Beth Terry, Katarzyna Wyka, Shweta Athilat, Sandra S. Albrecht, and Parisa Tehranifar. 2020. "Associations of Nativity, Age at Migration, and Percent of Life in the U.S. with Midlife Body Mass Index and Waist Size in New York City Latinas" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072436