Is Less Sedentary Behavior, More Physical Activity, or Higher Fitness Associated with Sleep Quality? A Cross-Sectional Study in Singapore
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Data and Sample
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
2.2.2. Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF)
2.2.3. Accelerometer Data
2.2.4. Other Variables
2.2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Mechanisms
4.2. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Institutional Review
Use of Inclusive Language
Submission Declaration
References
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Total | Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) a | ||
---|---|---|---|
Good Sleep Quality | Poor Sleep Quality | ||
N (%) | 757 | 657 (86.8%) | 100 (13.2%) |
Age (N, %) | |||
20–39.9 years | 537 (70.9%) | 458 (69.7%) | 79 (79.0%) |
40–64.9 years | 220 (29.1%) | 199 (30.3%) | 21 (21.0%) |
Gender (N, %) | |||
Male | 345 (45.6%) | 306 (46.6%) | 39 (39.0%) |
Female | 412 (54.4%) | 351 (53.4%) | 61 (61.0%) |
Ethnicity (N, %) | |||
Chinese | 531 (70.1%) | 472 (71.8%) | 59 (59.0%) |
Others | 226 (29.9%) | 185 (28.2%) | 41 (41.0%) |
Marital status (N, %) | |||
Married | 420 (55.5%) | 372 (56.6%) | 52 (52.0%) |
Others | 337 (44.5%) | 285 (43.4%) | 48 (48.0%) |
Chronic medical conditions b (N, %) | |||
One or more | 121 (16.0%) | 94 (14.3%) | 27 (27.0%) |
None | 636 (84.0%) | 563 (85.7%) | 73 (73.0%) |
Psychological distress (n, %) c | |||
Yes | 72 (9.5%) | 40 (6.1%) | 32 (32.0%) |
No | 685 (90.5%) | 617 (93.9%) | 68 (68.0%) |
Body mass index d (N, %) | |||
<23 kg/m2 | 335 (44.3%) | 300 (45.7%) | 35 (35.0%) |
23–26.99 kg/m2 | 256 (33.8%) | 220 (33.5%) | 36 (36.0%) |
≥27 kg/m2 | 166 (21.9%) | 137 (20.8%) | 29 (29.0%) |
Consumption of sugary/energy drinks (N, %) | |||
≤twice per week | 429 (56.7%) | 384 (58.5%) | 45 (45.0%) |
3–4 times per week | 241 (31.8%) | 204 (31.0%) | 37 (37.0%) |
≥5 times per week | 87 (11.5%) | 69 (10.5%) | 18 (18.0%) |
Consumption of regular soda (N, %) | |||
≤twice per week | 446 (58.9%) | 401 (61.0%) | 45 (45.0%) |
3–4 times per week | 231 (30.5%) | 191 (29.1%) | 40 (40.0%) |
≥5 times per week | 80 (10.6%) | 65 (9.9%) | 15 (15.0%) |
Model 1 a | Model 2 b | Model 3 c | |
---|---|---|---|
MVPA (min/day) d | |||
Lower | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) | 1.00 (referent) |
Higher | 0.75 (0.47–1.20) | 0.88 (0.54–1.42) | 0.62 (0.35–1.10) |
SB (hrs/day) d | |||
Lower | (referent) | (referent) | (referent) |
Higher | 1.14 (0.74–1.77) | 1.09 (0.70–1.71) | 1.15 (0.70–1.89) |
CRF (MaxVO2) d | |||
Lower | (referent) | (referent) | (referent) |
Higher | 0.46 * (0.27–0.76) | 0.47 * (0.28–0.79) | 0.50 * (0.28–0.91) |
SB (hrs/day) and MVPA (min/day) | SB (hrs/day) and CRF (MaxVO2) | MVPA (min/day) and CRF (MaxVO2) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Joint Group a | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | Joint Group b | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | Joint Group c | N (%) | OR (95% CI) |
H and L | 198 (26.2%) | 1.88 (0.94–3.76) | H and L | 175 (23.1%) | 2.71 * (1.16–6.30) | H and L | 133 (17.6%) | 1.74 (0.68–4.46) |
H and H | 55 (7.3%) | 1.7 (0.45–3.53) | H and H | 78 (10.3%) | 2.23 (0.83–5.93) | H and H | 119 (15.7%) | 1.00 (referent) |
L and L | 307 (40.6%) | 1.68 (0.86–3.25) | L and L | 329 (43.5%) | 2.89 * (1.31–6.39) | L and L | 371 (49.0%) | 3.02 * (1.25–7.29) |
L and H | 197 (26.1%) | 1.00 (referent) | L and H | 175 (23.1%) | 1.00 (referent) | L and H | 134 (17.7%) | 1.39 (0.51–3.75) |
Combined Group (SB-MVPA-CRF) a | N (%) | Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) b | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H-H-H | 25 (3.3%) | 0.57 (0.14–2.22) | 0.97 (0.23–4.02) | 1.97 (0.38–10.12) | 2.01 (0.43–9.35) | 0.60 (0.15–2.40) | 1.00 (0.18–5.55) | 0.73 (0.16–3.33) |
H-H-L | 53 (7.0%) | 0.77 (0.30–1.98) | 1.33 (0.47–3.78) | 2.69 (0.72–10.12) | 2.75 (0.82–9.30) | 0.82 (0.31–2.17) | 1.37 (0.33–5.74) | 1.00 (reference) |
H-L-H | 30 (4.0%) | 0.57 (0.16–2.00) | 0.97 (0.26–3.62) | 1.97 (0.41–9.53) | 2.01 (0.47–8.69) | 0.60 (0.17–2.17) | 1.00 (referent) | |
H–L-L | 145 (19.2%) | 0.94 (0.51–1.75) | 1.62 (0.72–3.62) | 3.29 * (1.04–10.35) | 3.36 * (1.18–9.54) | 1.00 (referent) | ||
L-H-H | 94 (12.4%) | 0.28 * (0.10–0.78) | 0.48 (0.16–1.44) | 0.98 (0.25–3.82) | 1.00 (referent) | |||
L-H-L | 81 (10.7%) | 0.29 * (0.09–0.88) | 0.49 (0.15–1.66) | 1.00 (referent) | ||||
L-L-H | 103 (13.6%) | 0.58 (0.28–1.24) | 1.00 (referent) | |||||
L-L-L | 226 (39.9%) | 1.00 (referent) |
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Sloan, R.A.; Kim, Y.; Sawada, S.S.; Asakawa, A.; Blair, S.N.; Finkelstein, E.A. Is Less Sedentary Behavior, More Physical Activity, or Higher Fitness Associated with Sleep Quality? A Cross-Sectional Study in Singapore. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041337
Sloan RA, Kim Y, Sawada SS, Asakawa A, Blair SN, Finkelstein EA. Is Less Sedentary Behavior, More Physical Activity, or Higher Fitness Associated with Sleep Quality? A Cross-Sectional Study in Singapore. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(4):1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041337
Chicago/Turabian StyleSloan, Robert A., Youngdeok Kim, Susumu S. Sawada, Akihiro Asakawa, Steven N. Blair, and Eric A. Finkelstein. 2020. "Is Less Sedentary Behavior, More Physical Activity, or Higher Fitness Associated with Sleep Quality? A Cross-Sectional Study in Singapore" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4: 1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041337
APA StyleSloan, R. A., Kim, Y., Sawada, S. S., Asakawa, A., Blair, S. N., & Finkelstein, E. A. (2020). Is Less Sedentary Behavior, More Physical Activity, or Higher Fitness Associated with Sleep Quality? A Cross-Sectional Study in Singapore. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1337. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041337