Personality Profiles and Psychological Adjustment in Breast Cancer Patients
Abstract
:1. Background
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
- (i)
- Life Satisfaction. This cognitive component of well-being was assessed using the Satisfaction with Life Scale [25], in its Spanish version [39]. The scale comprises five items, each rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1: totally disagree; 7: totally agree). High scores indicate high life satisfaction. The scale showed adequate reliability in the present sample (α = 0.77). This questionnaire has previously been used in research concerning breast cancer [40].
- (ii)
- Affectivity. The affective component of well-being was assessed with the Positive and Negative Affect Scales, [41] in their Spanish version [42]. This instrument consists of 12 items distributed across two subscales: positive and negative affect (six items each). Each item is rated on a 5-point Likert scale (1: never; 5: always), and higher scores indicate higher levels of positive or negative affect. Both subscales showed good reliability in the present sample (α = 0.89 and α = 0.85, respectively). This questionnaire has previously been used in research concerning cancer [43].
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cluster Analysis: Personality Scales
3.2. Differences in Clinical Syndrome Scale Scores
3.3. Differences in Optimism and Well-Being
4. Discussion
4.1. Study Limitations and Future Research
4.2. Clinical Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Percentage |
---|---|
Marital status | |
Married | 62.4 |
Single | 22.0 |
Divorced | 7.3 |
Widowed | 8.3 |
Educational level | |
Primary | 44.0 |
Secondary | 27.5 |
University | 28.5 |
Age at diagnosis | |
<50 | 57.8 |
50–69 | 39.4 |
≥70 | 2.8 |
Time since diagnosis | |
<2 years | 49.9 |
2–5 years | 27.2 |
>5 years | 22.9 |
Breast cancer stage | |
0 | 4.6 |
I | 8.3 |
II | 55.0 |
IIIA | 23.9 |
IIIB | 4.6 |
IIIC | 2.8 |
IV | 0.8 |
Personality Scales | Group 1 (n = 39) | Group 2 (n = 63) | T | d | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Schizoid a | 53.21 | (18.18) | 34.86 | (21.61) | 4.60 *** | 0.92 |
Avoidant | 56.59 | (20.20) | 23.08 | (19.04) | 8.44 *** | 1.71 |
Depressive (Melancholic) | 57.23 | (17.51) | 17.95 | (14.97) | 12.05 *** | 2.41 |
Dependent | 61.08 | (19.87) | 32.11 | (18.42) | 7.48 *** | 1.51 |
Histrionic a | 53.05 | (19.29) | 68.44 | (13.14) | −4.40 *** | −0.93 |
Narcissistic a | 50.38 | (19.92) | 63.00 | (9.82) | −3.69 *** | −0.75 |
Antisocial a | 54.38 | (10.51) | 27.49 | (21.37) | 8.47 *** | 1.60 |
Sadistic a | 57.38 | (11.83) | 25.70 | (21.09) | 9.71 *** | 1.85 |
Compulsive | 59.92 | (10.86) | 73.16 | (14.38) | −4.94 *** | −1.04 |
Negativistic a | 61.46 | (11.58) | 28.02 | (17.91) | 11.45 *** | 2.21 |
Masochistic | 48.33 | (12.78) | 15.49 | (14.65) | 11.54 *** | 2.39 |
Schizotypal | 51.90 | (15.64) | 21.41 | (20.42) | 7.98 *** | 1.68 |
Borderline | 53.44 | (15.26) | 15.11 | (13.34) | 13.34 *** | 2.67 |
Paranoid | 63.90 | (9.54) | 24.79 | (22.40) | 12.18 *** | 2.27 |
Clinical Syndrome Scales | Vulnerable Group (n = 39) | Psychologically Adjusted Group (n = 63) | F | η2p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anxiety | 78.39 (4.12) | 34.58 (3.21) | 68.07 *** | 0.41 |
Somatoform | 63.90 (3.99) | 29.52 (3.10) | 44.85 *** | 0.31 |
Bipolar (Manic) | 61.92 (3.47) | 35.65 (2.71) | 34.25 *** | 0.26 |
Dysthymia | 65.66 (3.59) | 20.43 (2.80) | 95.41 *** | 0.49 |
Alcohol Dependence | 57.06 (3.21) | 38.23 (2.50) | 20.72 *** | 0.17 |
Drug Dependence | 55.44 (3.38) | 26.25 (2.64) | 44.83 *** | 0.31 |
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 57.55 (3.32) | 24.39 (2.58) | 60.12 *** | 0.38 |
Thought Disorder | 52.57 (2.70) | 22.39 (2.10) | 74.84 *** | 0.43 |
Major Depression | 57.91 (3.24) | 21.07 (2.53) | 77.62 *** | 0.44 |
Delusional Disorder | 51.38 (4.87) | 24.31 (3.80) | 18.56 *** | 0.16 |
Optimism and Well-Being | Vulnerable Group | Psychologically Adjusted Group | F | η2p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Optimism a | 4.48 (0.45) | 6.76 (0.35) | 15.50 *** | 0.15 |
Life satisfaction b | 19.84 (0.82) | 23.81 (0.65) | 13.79 *** | 0.13 |
Positive affect c | 16.81 (0.71) | 19.81 (0.56) | 10.31 *** | 0.10 |
Negative affect c | 16.08 (0.68) | 12.69 (0.54) | 14.54 *** | 0.13 |
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Cerezo, M.V.; Blanca, M.J.; Ferragut, M. Personality Profiles and Psychological Adjustment in Breast Cancer Patients. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 9452. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249452
Cerezo MV, Blanca MJ, Ferragut M. Personality Profiles and Psychological Adjustment in Breast Cancer Patients. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(24):9452. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249452
Chicago/Turabian StyleCerezo, M. Victoria, María J. Blanca, and Marta Ferragut. 2020. "Personality Profiles and Psychological Adjustment in Breast Cancer Patients" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9452. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249452