High Probability of Long Diagnostic Delay in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases with Unknown Transmission Route in Japan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Setting and Subject
2.3. Data Collection and Variables
2.4. LDD
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Concerns
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Factors | Cases | ||
---|---|---|---|
Number | % | ||
364 | 100.0 | ||
Sex | Male | 190 | 52.2 |
Female | 174 | 47.8 | |
Age category (years) | 0–29 | 31 | 8.5 |
30–59 | 137 | 37.6 | |
60- | 196 | 53.8 | |
Week of symptom onset | 9th | 113 | 31.0 |
10th | 130 | 35.7 | |
11th | 121 | 33.2 | |
Exposure | Known | 209 | 57.4 |
Unknown | 118 | 32.4 | |
Imported | 37 | 10.2 | |
Prefecture | Aichi | 102 | 28.0 |
Hokkaido | 84 | 23.1 | |
Hyogo | 73 | 20.1 | |
Saitama | 39 | 10.7 | |
Kanagawa | 43 | 11.8 | |
Chiba | 23 | 6.3 |
Factors | Reporting Delay | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
≥6 days | ≤5 days | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis * | ||
(%) | (%) | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | ||
N | 184 (51%) | 180 (49%) | |||
Sex | Male | 94 (49%) | 96 (51%) | 1 | 1 |
Female | 90 (52%) | 84 (48%) | 1.09 (0.731–1.65) | 1.58 (0.942–2.66) | |
Age (years) | 0–29 | 19 (61%) | 12 (39%) | 1 | 1 |
30–59 | 72 (53%) | 65 (47%) | 0.69 (0.321–1.55) | 0.98 (0.392–2.51) | |
60- | 93 (47%) | 103 (53%) | 0.57 (0.261–1.24) | 1.14 (0.452–2.87) | |
Week † | 9th | 81 (72%) | 32 (28%) | 1 | 1 |
10th | 59 (45%) | 71 (55%) | 0.33 (0.190–0.56) | 0.31 (0.17–0.58) | |
11th | 44 (36%) | 77 (64%) | 0.23 (0.130–0.39) | 0.17 (0.09–0.32) | |
Exposure | Known | 80 (38%) | 129 (62%) | 1 | 1 |
Unknown | 77 (65%) | 41 (35%) | 3.03 (1.894–4.15) | 2.38 (1.354–4.21) | |
Imported | 27 (73%) | 10 (27%) | 4.35 (2.009–9.47) | 3.51 (1.418–8.75) | |
Prefecture | Aichi | 18 (18%) | 84 (82%) | 1 | 1 |
Hokkaido | 47 (56%) | 37 (44%) | 5.93 (3.041–11.5) | 4.53 (2.19–9.39) | |
Hyogo | 45 (62%) | 28 (38%) | 7.50 (3.751–15.0) | 7.66 (3.61–16.3) | |
Saitama | 24 (62%) | 15 (38%) | 7.47 (3.281–17.0) | 7.43 (2.86–19.3) | |
Chiba | 17 (74%) | 6 (26%) | 13.22 (4.583–38.2) | 11.3 (3.543–6.1) | |
Kanagawa | 33 (77%) | 10 (23%) | 15.40 (6.443–36.8) | 13.67 (5.17–36.1) |
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Ogata, T.; Tanaka, H. High Probability of Long Diagnostic Delay in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases with Unknown Transmission Route in Japan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228655
Ogata T, Tanaka H. High Probability of Long Diagnostic Delay in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases with Unknown Transmission Route in Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(22):8655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228655
Chicago/Turabian StyleOgata, Tsuyoshi, and Hideo Tanaka. 2020. "High Probability of Long Diagnostic Delay in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases with Unknown Transmission Route in Japan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22: 8655. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228655