The Association of Grip Strength with Depressive Symptoms among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Different Chronic Diseases
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedures
2.2. Measures
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Overall 43,285 (%) | No Disease 20,520 (47.4%) | Arthritis Diseases 4197 (9.7%) | Metabolic Diseases 18,568 (42.9%) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | <0.001 | ||||
Men | 19,911 (46.0) | 9254 (45.1) | 1343 (32.1) | 9321 (50.2) | |
Women | 23,374 (54.0) | 11,266 (54.9) | 2854 (67.9) | 9247 (49.8) | |
Age | 65.5 (10.12) | 63.3 (9.94) | 66.8 (10.96) | 67.6 (9.61) | <0.001 |
Age group | <0.001 | ||||
50–64 years | 21,470 (49.6) | 12,291 (59.9) | 1876 (44.7) | 7334 (39.5) | |
65–79 years | 17,660 (40.8) | 6792 (33.1) | 1767 (42.1) | 9098 (49.0) | |
>80 years | 4155 (9.6) | 1437 (7.0) | 554 (13.2) | 2136 (11.5) | |
Education level | <0.001 | ||||
Low | 15,669 (36.2) | 6505 (31.7) | 1591 (37.9) | 7743 (41.7) | |
Middle | 16,838 (38.9) | 8228 (40.1) | 1645 (39.2) | 6889 (37.1) | |
High | 10,778 (24.9) | 5787 (28.2) | 961 (22.9) | 3936 (21.2) | |
BMI | 26.71 (4.34) | 25.73 (3.94) | 26.45 (4.42) | 27.8 (4.46) | <0.001 |
Alcohol ≥6 drinks | 0.007 | ||||
Yes | 1039 (2.4) | 513 (2.5) | 88 (2.1) | 446 (2.4) | |
No | 42,246 (97.6) | 20,007 (97.5) | 4109 (97.9) | 18,122 (97.6) | |
Self-perceived health | <0.001 | ||||
Poor | 1991 (4.6) | 533 (2.6) | 331 (7.9) | 1114 (6.0) | |
Fair | 9696 (22.4) | 3119 (15.2) | 1360 (32.4) | 5237 (28.2) | |
Good | 17,271 (39.9) | 7531 (36.7) | 1717 (40.9) | 8021 (43.2) | |
Very good | 10,129 (23.4) | 6218 (30.3) | 642 (15.3) | 3268 (17.6) | |
Excellent | 4198 (9.7) | 3119 (15.2) | 147 (3.5) | 928 (5.0) | |
EURO-D scale (score) | 2.00 (0–12) | 1.00 (0–12) | 2.00 (0–11) | 2.00 (0–12) | <0.001 |
Depression | <0.001 | ||||
No | 34,325 (79.3) | 16,971 (82.7) | 2908 (69.3) | 14,427 (77.7) | |
Yes | 8960 (20.7) | 3549 (17.3) | 1289 (30.7) | 4141 (22.3) | |
Grip strength (kg) | 34.71 (11.63) | 35.68 (11.52) | 30.91 (11.28) | 34.50 (11.65) | <0.001 |
Grip Strength Level | Model 1 OR (95% CI) 1 | Model 2 OR (95% CI) 2 | Model 3 OR (95% CI) 3 |
---|---|---|---|
No disease (n = 20,520) | |||
Low (n = 6217) | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) |
Moderate (n = 7182) | 0.69 (0.63 to 0.75) | 0.65 (0.58 to 0.73) | 0.75 (0.66 to 0.84) |
High (n = 7121) | 0.67 (0.62 to 0.73) | 0.66 (0.58 to 0.74) | 0.82 (0.72 to 0.93) |
Arthritis diseases (n = 4197) | |||
Low (n = 1989) | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) |
Moderate (n = 1276) | 0.69 (0.58 to 0.81) | 0.69 (0.56 to 0.85) | 0.86 (0.69 to 1.06) |
High (n = 932) | 0.63 (0.53 to 0.75) | 0.65 (0.52 to 0.82) | 0.88 (0.69 to 1.12) |
Metabolic diseases (n = 18,568) | |||
Low (n = 6424) | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) | 1.00 (REF) |
Moderate (n = 5905) | 0.63 (0.58 to 0.69) | 0.59 (0.53 to 0.66) | 0.69 (0.61 to 0.77) |
High (n = 6239) | 0.59 (0.54 to 0.64) | 0.56 (0.50 to 0.64) | 0.71 (0.63 to 0.81) |
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Marconcin, P.; Peralta, M.; Ferrari, G.; Gaspar de Matos, M.; Espanha, M.; Murawska-Ciałowicz, E.; Marques, A. The Association of Grip Strength with Depressive Symptoms among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Different Chronic Diseases. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6942. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196942
Marconcin P, Peralta M, Ferrari G, Gaspar de Matos M, Espanha M, Murawska-Ciałowicz E, Marques A. The Association of Grip Strength with Depressive Symptoms among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Different Chronic Diseases. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(19):6942. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196942
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarconcin, Priscila, Miguel Peralta, Gerson Ferrari, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, Margarida Espanha, Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz, and Adilson Marques. 2020. "The Association of Grip Strength with Depressive Symptoms among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Different Chronic Diseases" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 6942. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196942
APA StyleMarconcin, P., Peralta, M., Ferrari, G., Gaspar de Matos, M., Espanha, M., Murawska-Ciałowicz, E., & Marques, A. (2020). The Association of Grip Strength with Depressive Symptoms among Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Different Chronic Diseases. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 6942. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196942