Prevalence of Molar–Incisor Hypomineralization and Caries in Eight-Year-Old Children in Croatia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the Research Domain
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Training of the Examiner
2.4. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
- All children aged eight years, from the eastern part of the Republic of Croatia, with signed consent of the parent or guardian.
- Children whose parents did not give written consent;
- Children who were ill on the day of the examination or who, for some other reason, were absent from school;
- Children who were afraid of the dentist, with signed consent of their parents;
- Children in orthodontic therapy with fixed orthodontic aids.
2.5. Review Layout
2.6. Respondents
2.7. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Possible Influences of Dmft or DMFT Status on MIH Occurrence
3.2. Distribution and Prevalence of Hypomineralization Lesions in Permanent Teeth in Eight-Year-Olds
3.3. Number of Affected Molars and Incisors in Hypomineralization Lesions in Eight-Year-Olds Classified into Subgroups
3.4. PEB and Opacities Linked to the Number of Affected Permanent Teeth Classified by Sex
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mark | Criterion |
---|---|
0 | Enamel without defect |
1 | White/creamy limited areas of opacity without posteruptive loss of enamel |
1a | White/creamy limited areas of opacity with posteruptive loss of enamel |
2 | Yellow/brown limited areas of opacity without posteruptive loss of enamel |
2a | Yellow/brown limited areas of opacity with posteruptive loss of enamel |
3 | Atypical restorations |
4 | Tooth loss due to MIH |
5 | Partially erupted teeth (less than one-third of the dental crown) with the MIH present |
6 | Unerupted/partially erupted teeth without MIH |
7 | Diffuse opacity (not MIH) |
8 | Hypoplasia (not MIH) |
9 | Combined changes (diffuse opacity/hypoplasia with MIH) |
10 | Limited opacity areas only on incisors |
MIH on 16, 26, 36, 46 and 12, 11, 21, 22, 32, 31, 41, 42 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||
dmft on 55, 54, 64, 65, 75, 74, 84, 85 | No | TN = 71 | FN = 7 | 78 |
Yes | FP = 563 | TP = 88 | 651 | |
634 | 95 | n = 729 |
MIH on 16, 26, 36, 46 and 12, 11, 21, 22, 32, 31, 41, 42 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||
DMFT on all 28 | No | TN = 321 | FN = 16 | 337 |
Yes | FP = 313 | TP = 79 | 392 | |
634 | 95 | n = 729 |
Total n (%) n = 729 | Girls n (%) n = 356 | Boys n (%) n = 373 | |
---|---|---|---|
One incisor (only) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) |
More than one incisor (only) | 5 (0.7) | 5 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) |
One molar (only) | 8 (1.1) | 5 (1.4) | 3 (0.8) |
More than one molar (only) | 32 (4.4) | 20 (5.6) | 12 (3.2) |
Molars and incisors | 48 (6.6) | 24 (6.7) | 24 (6.4) |
Total children with MIH | 88 (12.1) | 49 (13.8) | 39 (10.5) |
Total children with MIH and incisor hypomineralization | 95 (13.0) | 56 (15.7) | 39 (10.5) |
Number of Affected Molars (1.6, 2.6, 3.6, 4.6) | Mean Number and Standard Deviation of Affected Incisors (1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2) in Children with 12 Index Teeth Erupted | Mean Number and Standard Deviation of Affected Incisors (1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2) in Children with 4 Molars Erupted |
---|---|---|
1 | 0.5 (0.9) | 0.5 (0.8) |
2 | 0.4 (0.7) | 0.7 (1.2) |
3 | 1.7 (1.8) | 1.1 (1.5) |
4 | 2.0 (2.1) | 2.1 (2.2) |
On at Least One Incisor/Molar PEB | No Appearance of PEB | Total with and without PEB | Chance Ratio | 95% Interval of Reliability | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of children with MIH + IH on ≥ 3 teeth | 59 (80.8) | 9 (40.9) | 68 (71.6) | 6.09 | 2.17–17.06 |
Number of children with MIH + IH on 1 or 2 teeth | 14 (19.2) | 13 (59.1) | 27 (28.4) | ||
Number of children with MIH + IH > 0 | 73 (76.8) | 22 (23.2) | 95 | ||
Number of children with MIH + MH on ≥ 3 teeth | 67 (91.8) | 11 (73.3) | 78 (88.6) | 4.06 | 0.98–16.75 |
Number of children with MIH + MH on 1 or 2 teeth | 6 (8.2) | 4 (26.7) | 10 (11.4) | ||
Number of children with MIH + MH > 0 | 73 (83.0) | 15 (17.0) | 88 | ||
Number of boys with MIH + IH > 0 | 35 (47.9) | 4 (18.2) | 39 (41.1) | 4.14 | 1.28–13.44 |
Number of girls with MIH + IH > 0 | 38 (52.1) | 18 (81.8) | 56 (58.9) |
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Jurlina, D.; Uzarevic, Z.; Ivanisevic, Z.; Matijevic, N.; Matijevic, M. Prevalence of Molar–Incisor Hypomineralization and Caries in Eight-Year-Old Children in Croatia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176358
Jurlina D, Uzarevic Z, Ivanisevic Z, Matijevic N, Matijevic M. Prevalence of Molar–Incisor Hypomineralization and Caries in Eight-Year-Old Children in Croatia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176358
Chicago/Turabian StyleJurlina, Davor, Zvonimir Uzarevic, Zrinka Ivanisevic, Nikola Matijevic, and Marko Matijevic. 2020. "Prevalence of Molar–Incisor Hypomineralization and Caries in Eight-Year-Old Children in Croatia" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6358. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176358