Quantification of Exposure to Risk Postures in Truck Assembly Operators: Neck, Back, Arms and Wrists
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Workplace Description
2.2. Study Participants
2.3. Measurement
2.4. Reference Position
2.5. Data Processing
2.6. Classification of Risk Exposure
2.7. Self-Reported Musculoskeletal Symptoms
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Neck and Back Risk Exposure
3.2. Arms Risk Exposure
3.3. Wrists Risk Exposure
3.4. Movement of Body Segments
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Working Group | Number of Workstations | Number of Operators | Number of Operators Participated in the Study | Type of Task | Tool |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Improvement group 1 (IG1) | 4 | 6 | 4 | Assembly of left/right boarding steps and left/right mudguards | Electric screwdrivers, hoists, Manual torque wrench |
Improvement group 2 (IG2) | 5 | 7 | 5 | Preassembly and assembly of the bumper | Electric and pneumatic screwdrivers, nutrunners, trolleys |
Improvement group 3 (IG3) | 5 | 8 | 4 | Preassembly and assembly of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system, preassembly and assembly of air filter, cab tilt cylinder and material picking | Electric and pneumatic screwdrivers, electric assembly systems |
Body Segment | Low Risk (Green) | Moderate Risk (Yellow) | High Risk (Red) |
---|---|---|---|
Neck | −30° to 20° | 20° to 45° | >45° or <−30° |
Back | 0° to 20° | 20° to 45° | >45° |
Arms | 0° to 45° | 45° to 90° | >90° |
Wrists | −30° to 45° | - | <−30° and >45° |
Body Segment | Risk Zone | IG1 | IG2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WS1 * Right Boarding Steps | WS 2 Left Boarding Steps | WS 3 Right Mudguard | WS 4 Left Mudguard | WS 1 Bumper Pre-Assembly | WS 2 Bumper Pre-Assembly | WS 3 Bumper Pre-Assembly | WS 4 Bumper Pre-Assembly | WS 5 Bumper Assembly | ||
Neck (%) | Low | 53.3 | 68.6 | 57.1 | 55.3 | 58.1 | 47.1 | 69.9 | 59.9 | 59.1 |
Moderate | 43.8 | 29.2 | 35.1 | 38.5 | 40.2 | 49.8 | 28.1 | 37.8 | 37.1 | |
High | 2.9 | 2.2 | 7.8 | 6.2 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 3.8 | |
Lower Back (%) | Low | 87.9 | 93.9 | 74.1 | 74.7 | 81.7 | 90.6 | 83.5 | 84.4 | 85.0 |
Moderate | 11.6 | 6.0 | 25.0 | 23.2 | 17.9 | 9.0 | 16.3 | 14.7 | 13.0 | |
High | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 2.0 | |
Right Arm (%) | Low | 73.3 | 68.3 | 79.8 | 79.9 | 81.1 | 73.2 | 74.3 | 76.4 | 82.7 |
Moderate | 23.4 | 26.5 | 19.7 | 19.7 | 17.9 | 26.0 | 23.1 | 23.1 | 17.1 | |
High | 3.3 | 5.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | |
Left Arm (%) | Low | 84.7 | 76.8 | 89.7 | 86.1 | 89.1 | 81.4 | 84.1 | 85.5 | 85.5 |
Moderate | 13.4 | 19.7 | 10.2 | 13.8 | 10.9 | 18.0 | 15.1 | 14.0 | 13.9 | |
High | 1.9 | 3.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | |
Right wrist (%) | Low | 83.7 | 84.7 | 84.9 | 84.1 | 88.3 | 97.3 | 95.6 | 96.8 | 96.1 |
High | 16.3 | 15.3 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 11.7 | 2.7 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 3.9 | |
Left wrist (%) | Low | 89.3 | 95.4 | 89.2 | 90.6 | 89.7 | 83.2 | 93.4 | 83.8 | 83.9 |
High | 10.7 | 4.6 | 10.8 | 9.4 | 10.3 | 16.8 | 6.6 | 16.2 | 16.1 |
Body Segment | Risk Zone | WS1 * SCR Tank Pre-Assembly | WS 2 SCR Tank Assembly | WS 3 Assembly of Air Filter | WS 4 Picking up Air Filter | WS5 Picking up SCR Tank | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Euro5 ** | Euro6 ** | Euro5 | Euro6 | Air Filter | Heating Cover | SCR Tank | Cab Tilt Cylinder | |||
Neck (%) | Low | 66.3 | 38.5 | 49.1 | 46.5 | 65.6 | 56.7 | 62.9 | 39.4 | 48.0 |
Moderate | 29.3 | 57.0 | 36.0 | 47.3 | 30.9 | 40.1 | 32.6 | 54.7 | 46.3 | |
High | 4.4 | 4.5 | 14.9 | 6.2 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 5.7 | |
Lower Back (%) | Low | 88.8 | 84.2 | 76.8 | 79.6 | 79.4 | 78.0 | 73.6 | 78.9 | 77.3 |
Moderate | 10.9 | 15.4 | 22.0 | 19.4 | 18.9 | 19.2 | 24.6 | 20.1 | 20.9 | |
High | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1.8 | |
Right Arm (%) | Low | 72.5 | 67.9 | 80.5 | 74.6 | 69.6 | 71.9 | 69.8 | 79.6 | 69.4 |
Moderate | 26.6 | 31.5 | 19.2 | 25.0 | 27.8 | 26.7 | 27.4 | 19.2 | 27.0 | |
High | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 3.6 | |
Left Arm (%) | Low | 75.4 | 77.5 | 76.9 | 84.0 | 74.3 | 77.9 | 78.0 | 81.0 | 73.3 |
Moderate | 23.1 | 21.6 | 22.4 | 15.7 | 23.0 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 17.5 | 24.0 | |
High | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.7 | |
Right wrist (%) | Low | 83.1 | 81.3 | 84.5 | 87.2 | 83.2 | 81.8 | 66.1 | 57.9 | 81.9 |
High | 16.9 | 18.7 | 15.5 | 12.8 | 16.8 | 18.2 | 33.9 | 42.1 | 18.1 | |
Left wrist (%) | Low | 89.9 | 90.7 | 91.6 | 89.8 | 89.9 | 89.8 | 90.0 | 86.7 | 92.6 |
High | 10.1 | 9.3 | 8.4 | 10.2 | 10.1 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 13.3 | 7.4 |
Body Segment | Musculoskeletal Symptom (n = 11) | |
---|---|---|
n | % | |
Neck, VAS * ≥ 5 | 1 | 9 |
Arm, VAS ≥ 5 | 4 | 36 |
Forearms, VAS ≥ 5 | 4 | 36 |
Wrist and hands, VAS ≥ 5 | 3 | 27 |
Fingers, VAS ≥ 5 | 2 | 18 |
Upper back, VAS ≥ 5 | 2 | 18 |
Lower back, VAS ≥ 5 | 3 | 27 |
Hip and thigh, VAS ≥ 5 | 1 | 9 |
Knee and leg, VAS ≥ 5 | 3 | 27 |
Ankle/Foot, VAS ≥ 5 | 2 | 18 |
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Zare, M.; Bodin, J.; Sagot, J.-C.; Roquelaure, Y. Quantification of Exposure to Risk Postures in Truck Assembly Operators: Neck, Back, Arms and Wrists. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6062. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176062
Zare M, Bodin J, Sagot J-C, Roquelaure Y. Quantification of Exposure to Risk Postures in Truck Assembly Operators: Neck, Back, Arms and Wrists. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6062. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176062
Chicago/Turabian StyleZare, Mohsen, Julie Bodin, Jean-Claude Sagot, and Yves Roquelaure. 2020. "Quantification of Exposure to Risk Postures in Truck Assembly Operators: Neck, Back, Arms and Wrists" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6062. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176062