Clearing the Smoke Screen: Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Stress Management Techniques among Canadian Long-Term Care Workers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Smoking and Alcohol Consumption
3.2. Coping, Defense, and Stress Management Techniques
Individual Methods of Coping and Defense
3.3. Drawing on Social Support from Family, Friends, and the Community
Group Dynamics in Coping and Defense
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Frequency | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Female | 35 | 83.3% |
Male | 7 | 16.7% | |
Employment Type | Full Time | 32 | 76.2% |
Part Time | 10 | 23.8% | |
Race/VM Status | Non-VM, non-racialized, White | 12 | 28.6% |
VM, racialized | 30 | 71.4% | |
Job Title/Role | Trainee | 3 | 7.1% |
Allied Health | 7 | 16.7% | |
Nurse | 9 | 21.4% | |
Manager | 4 | 9.5% | |
Support Staff | 6 | 14.3% | |
Ancillary | 6 | 14.3% | |
Personal Support Worker (PSW) | 7 | 16.7% |
Characteristic | Frequency | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Female | 76 | 83.5% |
Male | 14 | 15.4% | |
No response/omitted | 1 | 1.1% | |
Birth/Immigration Status | Born in Canada | 19 | 20.9% |
Born outside Canada, i.e., Immigrant | 66 | 72.5% | |
No responses/omitted | 6 | 6.6% | |
Race/VM Status | Non-VM, non-racialized | 11 | 12.1% |
VM, racialized | 78 | 85.7% | |
No response/omitted | 2 | 2.2% | |
Smoking Status | Smoker | 7 | 7.7% |
Non-smoker | 83 | 91.2% | |
No response/omitted | 1 | 1.1% | |
Alcohol Consumption | Yes | 39 | 43.40% |
No | 51 | 56.7% | |
No response/omitted | 1 | 1.1% |
Smoking Status | Frequency | % |
---|---|---|
Daily | 5 | 5.6% |
Occasionally | 2 | 2.2% |
Not at all, i.e., non-Smoker | 83 | 92.2% |
Total | 90 | 100.0% |
Alcohol Consumption | Frequency | % |
---|---|---|
Less than once a month | 11 | 12.2% |
Once a month | 7 | 7.8% |
2 to 3 times a month | 13 | 14.4% |
Once a week | 1 | 1.1% |
2 to 3 times a week | 6 | 6.7% |
4 to 6 times a week | 0 | 0.0% |
Every day | 1 | 1.1% |
Not at all | 51 | 56.7% |
Total | 90 | 100.0% |
Alcohol Consumption | Sex | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 90 | n = 76 | n = 13 | ||||
Response | Frequency | % | Female | % | Male | % |
Less than once a month | 11 | 12.2% | 9 | 81.8% | 2 | 18.2% |
Once a month | 7 | 7.8% | 5 | 71.4% | 1 | 14.3% |
2 to 3 times a month | 13 | 14.4% | 11 | 84.6% | 2 | 15.4% |
Once a week | 1 | 1.1% | 0 | 0% | 1 | 100% |
2 to 3 times a week | 6 | 6.7% | 4 | 66.7% | 2 | 33.3% |
4 to 6 times a week | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
Every day | 1 | 1.1% | 1 | 100% | 0 | 0% |
Not at all | 51 | 56.7% | 46 | 90.2% | 5 | 9.8% |
Total | 90 | 100% | 76 | 84.4% | 13 | 14.4% |
Alcohol Consumption | VM Status | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 90 | n = 77 | n = 11 | ||||
Response | Frequency | % | VM | % | Non-VM | % |
Less than once a month | 11 | 12.2% | 9 | 81.8% | 1 | 9.1% |
Once a month | 7 | 7.8% | 7 | 100% | 0 | 0% |
2 to 3 times a month | 13 | 14.4% | 10 | 76.9% | 3 | 23.1% |
Once a week | 1 | 1.1% | 0 | 1 | 100% | |
2 to 3 times a week | 6 | 6.7% | 4 | 66.7% | 2 | 33.3% |
4 to 6 times a week | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% |
Every day | 1 | 1.1% | 1 | 100% | 0 | 0% |
Not at all | 51 | 56.7% | 46 | 90.2% | 4 | 7.8% |
Total | 90 | 100% | 77 | 85.6% | 11 | 12.2% |
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Syed, I.U. Clearing the Smoke Screen: Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Stress Management Techniques among Canadian Long-Term Care Workers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6027. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176027
Syed IU. Clearing the Smoke Screen: Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Stress Management Techniques among Canadian Long-Term Care Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(17):6027. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176027
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyed, Iffath Unissa. 2020. "Clearing the Smoke Screen: Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Stress Management Techniques among Canadian Long-Term Care Workers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6027. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176027