Incidence and Determinants of Caesarean Section in Shiraz, Iran
1
Fatemeh College of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
2
School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(16), 5632; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165632
Received: 2 July 2020 / Revised: 2 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 / Published: 5 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Women's Health)
The rate of Caesarean section (CS) without medical indication has increased markedly worldwide in the past decades. This study reports the incidence of CS and identifies the determinants of elective and emergency CS as separate pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of Iranian women. Mothers (n = 700) of healthy, full-term infants were recruited from five maternity hospitals in Shiraz. The association between maternal socio-demographic and biomedical factors with mode of delivery was explored using multivariable, multinomial logistic regression. Most mothers underwent either an elective (35.4%) or emergency (34.7%) CS. After adjustment, women were more likely to deliver by elective CS than vaginally if they were older (≥30 year) compared to younger mothers (<25 year) (Relative Risk Ratio (RRR) 2.22; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.28, 3.84), and had given birth at a private hospital (RRR 3.64; 95% CI 1.79, 7.38). Compared to those educated to primary or lower secondary level, university educated women were more likely to have undergone an elective (RRR 2.65; 95% CI 1.54, 4.58) or an emergency CS (RRR 3.92; 95% CI 2.27, 6.78) than a vaginal delivery. Similarly, overweight or obese women were more likely than healthy weight women to have undergone an elective (RRR 1.91; 95% CI 1.27, 2.87) or an emergency CS (RRR 2.02; 95% CI 1.35, 3.02) than a vaginal delivery. Specialist education of obstetricians and midwives along with financial incentives paid to private hospitals to encourage natural delivery may help in the reduction of unnecessary CS in Iran. In addition, to increase their childbirth knowledge and self-efficacy, pregnant women need to have the opportunity to attend purposefully designed antenatal childbirth preparation classes where they receive evidence-based information on natural childbirth and alternative methods of pain control, as well as the risks and indications for CS.
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Keywords:
caesarean section; elective; emergency; incidence; determinants
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MDPI and ACS Style
Zarshenas, M.; Zhao, Y.; Binns, C.W.; Scott, J.A. Incidence and Determinants of Caesarean Section in Shiraz, Iran. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 5632. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165632
AMA Style
Zarshenas M, Zhao Y, Binns CW, Scott JA. Incidence and Determinants of Caesarean Section in Shiraz, Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(16):5632. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165632
Chicago/Turabian StyleZarshenas, Mahnaz; Zhao, Yun; Binns, Colin W.; Scott, Jane A. 2020. "Incidence and Determinants of Caesarean Section in Shiraz, Iran" Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17, no. 16: 5632. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165632
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