Hepatitis C Reinfection in People Who Inject Drugs in Resource-Limited Countries: A Systematic Review and Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author, Year | Study Design | Setting (LMICs in Multi-Site Studies, SES and Median Income of Relevant Countries) | Study Population (N) % Male Initial HCV Prevalence | Testing Interval | Reinfection Rate (per 100 PY) (Available Rates among Relevant Special Populations Noted) | Measurement of Reinfection | Follow-Up Time (Participant Range if Given) | Attrition Rate (Loss to Follow-Up) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Foster et al., 2019 [20] | Integrated analysis of clinical trials | Multi-country Upper middle-income (Mexico = $9673 Romania = $12,306 Russia = $11,288) | N = 1819 Male 57.0% Prevalence = 50.0% * | Followed for 24 weeks, reinfection detected at week 12 | 0.6 | Deep gene sequencing | 24 weeks | 0.01 |
2 | Huang et al., 2019 [21] | Cohort study | Taiwan = $14,273 Upper middle-income | N = 219 Male 100.0% Prevalence = 33.7% | Varied: either 12 months (majority), following abnormal labs (minority) | 10.5 14.1 (for DAA treatment recipients) | No differentiation between reinfection and relapse | 2.1–6.6 years | 0.04 |
3 | Latham et al., 2019 [22] | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Multi-country Upper middle-income (Georgia = $4722) | N = 827 Sex not delineated Prevalence not delineated | Varied among studies | 1.9 (for recent PWID) 0.6 (for OST recipients) | Genotyping, deep gene sequencing or none | 24 weeks–3 years | 0.02 |
4 | Rahman et al., 2019 [23] | Prospective cohort | Bangladesh = $1698 Lower middle-income | N = 200 Sex not delineated Prevalence = 42% | Once 12 weeks after SVR | 4.2 | Genotyping | 12 weeks | 0.05 |
5 | Reddy et al., 2018 [24] | Cohort study | Multi-Country Upper middle-income (Brazil = $9001, Argentina = $11,683, Mexico = $9673, Taiwan = $14,273) | N = 1503 Male 60% Prevalence = 56.8% * | Day 1, week 24, 48, 96 and 144 | 0.02 | Reflex genotyping | 144 weeks | 0.01 |
6 | Rockstroh et al., 2017 [25] | Clinical trial | Multi-Country Upper middle-income (Russia = $11,288) | N = 228 Male 80%Prevalence = 50% * | Not delineated | 1.9 | Deep gene sequencing | 12 weeks | 0.02 |
7 | Sarrazin et al., 2017 [26] | Cohort Study | Multi-Country Upper middle-income (Russia = $11,288) | N = 3004 Sex not delineated Prevalence = 50% * | Once at 24 weeks | 0.5 | Deep gene sequencing | 24 weeks | Not delineated |
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Muller, A.; Vlahov, D.; Akiyama, M.J.; Kurth, A. Hepatitis C Reinfection in People Who Inject Drugs in Resource-Limited Countries: A Systematic Review and Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144951
Muller A, Vlahov D, Akiyama MJ, Kurth A. Hepatitis C Reinfection in People Who Inject Drugs in Resource-Limited Countries: A Systematic Review and Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(14):4951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144951
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuller, Abbe, David Vlahov, Matthew J. Akiyama, and Ann Kurth. 2020. "Hepatitis C Reinfection in People Who Inject Drugs in Resource-Limited Countries: A Systematic Review and Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 4951. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144951