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10.3390/ijerph17010034
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Article

Relationship between Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Blood and Their Metabolites in Urine: A Pilot Study

by
Sailent Rizki Sari Simaremare
1,†,
Chien-Che Hung
1,†,
Chia-Jung Hsieh
2 and
Lih-Ming Yiin
2,*
1
Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan
2
Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, 701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Road, Hualien City 97004, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010034
Submission received: 22 November 2019 / Revised: 13 December 2019 / Accepted: 17 December 2019 / Published: 18 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Health)
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Abstract

We conducted a pilot study to examine the relationship between organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides in blood and their metabolites in urine. A total of 30 pregnant women were enrolled in the study, and blood and urine was sampled from each subject during a regular clinic visit. Two OP and nine PYR insecticides were selected for blood sample analysis, while six OP and five PYR metabolites were analyzed for urine specimens. Both types of samples were processed and analyzed on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. For OPs in blood, chlorpyrifos had a higher mean concentration (73.33 µg/L) than terbufos. For PYRs in blood, cypermethrin and imiprothrin were the most frequently detected species with the highest mean concentrations (151.25 and 141.25 µg/L). The concentrations of PYRs appeared to be higher than that of OPs, and the most frequently detected PYRs were commonly used in domestic products, suggesting that the exposure could mostly originate from use of domestic insecticides. The correlation between insecticides in blood and their metabolites in urine was significantly high (r = 0.795 for OPs and 0.882 for PYRs, p < 0.001), indicating routine exposure at a steady state. Residents should be cautious with domestic use of insecticide products to lower their exposure.
Keywords: blood; insecticide; metabolite; organophosphate; pyrethroid; urine blood; insecticide; metabolite; organophosphate; pyrethroid; urine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Simaremare, S.R.S.; Hung, C.-C.; Hsieh, C.-J.; Yiin, L.-M. Relationship between Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Blood and Their Metabolites in Urine: A Pilot Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010034

AMA Style

Simaremare SRS, Hung C-C, Hsieh C-J, Yiin L-M. Relationship between Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Blood and Their Metabolites in Urine: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(1):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010034

Chicago/Turabian Style

Simaremare, Sailent Rizki Sari, Chien-Che Hung, Chia-Jung Hsieh, and Lih-Ming Yiin. 2020. "Relationship between Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Blood and Their Metabolites in Urine: A Pilot Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1: 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010034

APA Style

Simaremare, S. R. S., Hung, C.-C., Hsieh, C.-J., & Yiin, L.-M. (2020). Relationship between Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Insecticides in Blood and Their Metabolites in Urine: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010034

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