Predictors of E-Cigarette Use Susceptibility—A Study of Young People from a Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Rural Area in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Study Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Study Population
3.2. Susceptibility to E-Cigarette Use
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Characteristics of Never E-Cigarette Users | Proportion of Those Susceptible to E-Cigarette Use | Crude | Adjusted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
All | 1054 (100) | 713 (67.6) | ||||
Gender | ||||||
Male | 596 (56.6) | 397 (66.6) | 0.88 | 0.68–1.14 | ||
Female | 458 (43.4) | 316 (69.0) | Ref. | |||
Age (in years) # | ||||||
≤15 | 743 (70.8) | 594 (79.9) | 5.78 *** | 4.13–8.10 | ||
16–17 | 111 (10.5) | 37 (33.3) | 0.73 | 0.45–1.18 | ||
≥18 | 196 (18.7) | 80 (40.8) | Ref. | |||
School grade | ||||||
Secondary | 743 (70.5) | 594 (79.9) | 6.43 *** | 4.81–8.60 | 1.12 | 0.55–4.00 |
High | 311 (29.5) | 119 (38.3) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Mother’s education | ||||||
Low | 469 (45.0) | 291 (62.0) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Medium | 310 (29.8) | 202 (65.2) | 1.13 | 0.84–1.52 | 2.72 ** | 1.48–5.02 |
High | 263 (25.2) | 214 (81.4) | 2.70 *** | 1.89–3.89 | 2.71 * | 1.15–6.39 |
Father’s education | ||||||
Low | 530 (50.9) | 367 (69.2) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Medium | 283 (27.1) | 148 (52.3) | 0.49 *** | 0.36–0.66 | 0.67 | 0.34–1.07 |
High | 229 (22.0) | 194 (84.7) | 2.47 *** | 1.65–3.71 | 1.97 | 0.76–5.09 |
Money available per month | ||||||
<100 PLN | 610 (58.8) | 425 (69.7) | Ref. | |||
≥100 PLN | 427 (41.2) | 279 (65.3) | 0.83 | 0.64–1.08 | ||
Parental smoking | ||||||
None | 538 (51.3) | 342 (63.6) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
One or both | 511 (48.7) | 368 (72.0) | 1.51 ** | 1.16–1.95 | 3.03 *** | 1.61–5.69 |
Parental e-cigarettes use | ||||||
None | 701 (67.3) | 460 (65.6) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
One or both | 340 (32.7) | 247 (72.6) | 1.40 * | 1.05–1.86 | 1.09 | 0.52–1.40 |
Friends’ smoking | ||||||
None | 244 (23.2) | 134 (54.9) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Some | 810 (76.8) | 579 (71.5) | 2.05 *** | 1.53–2.76 | 1.98 * | 1.06–3.70 |
Friends’ e-cigarette use | ||||||
None | 88 (11.7) | 53 (60.2) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Some | 667 (88.3) | 474 (71.1) | 1.62 * | 1.02–2.56 | 1.60 | 0.75–3.45 |
Ban on smoking at home | ||||||
Yes | 443 (42.1) | 281 (63.4) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
No | 609 (57.9) | 432 (70.9) | 1.40 ** | 1.08–1.81 | 1.03 | 0.44–1.36 |
Ban on smoking at school | ||||||
Yes | 671 (64.0) | 459 (68.4) | Ref. | |||
No | 377 (36.0) | 252 (66.8) | 0.94 | 0.73–1.24 | ||
Ban on e-cigarette use at school | ||||||
Yes | 444 (42.3) | 268 (60.4) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
No | 607 (57.7) | 445 (73.3) | 1.82 *** | 1.40–2.36 | 1.09 | 0.69–1.72 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Non-drinker | 343 (32.6) | 171 (49.9) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Moderate | 251 (23.9) | 180 (71.7) | 2.56 *** | 1.81–3.62 | 2.94 *** | 1.50–5.76 |
Binge | 458 (43.5) | 362 (79.0) | 3.70 *** | 2.72–5.04 | 2.19 ** | 1.25–3.82 |
Tobacco smoking | ||||||
Never smoker | 461 (43.7) | 234 (50.8) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Former smoker | 312 (29.6) | 216 (69.2) | 2.14 *** | 1.58–2.89 | 1.56 | 0.93–2.60 |
Current smoker | 281 (26.7) | 263 (93.6) | 14.22 *** | 8.51–23.75 | 14.05 *** | 3.30–59.81 |
Girls who use e-cigarettes are: | ||||||
More attractive | 389 (36.9) | 350 (90.0) | 7.52 *** | 5.22–10.83 | 4.08 *** | 2.05–8.10 |
Less attractive or no difference | 665 (63.1) | 363 (54.6) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Boys who use e-cigarettes are: | ||||||
More attractive | 432 (41.3) | 343 (79.4) | 2.52 *** | 1.92–3.38 | 1.40 | 0.80–2.47 |
Less attractive or no difference | 615 (58.7) | 370 (60.2) | Ref | Ref. | ||
Perception that smoking is harmful to health | ||||||
Yes | 924 (88.0) | 614 (66.5) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
No | 126 (12.0) | 95 (75.4) | 1.55 * | 1.01–2.37 | 1.70 | 0.62–4.66 |
Relative harmfulness (compared to traditional cigarettes) | ||||||
As harmful | 458 (43.9) | 288 (62.9) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Less harmful | 508 (48.6) | 382 (75.2) | 1.75 *** | 1.33–2.31 | 1.80 *** | 1.04–3.10 |
More harmful | 78 (7.5) | 42 (53.9) | 0.68 | 0.42–1.11 | 0.96 | 0.41–2.25 |
Characteristic | Characteristics of Ever E-Cigarette Users | Proportion of Those Susceptible to E-Cigarette Use | Crude | Adjusted | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
All | 639 (100) | 495 (77.5) | ||||
Gender | ||||||
Male | 342 (53.5) | 269 (78.7) | 1.16 | 0.80–1.68 | ||
Female | 297 (46.5) | 226 (76.1) | Ref. | |||
Age (in years) # | ||||||
≤15 | 440 (69.3) | 355 (80.7) | 1.36. | 0.86–2.17 | ||
16–17 | 65 (10.2) | 39 (60.0) | 0.49 | 0.26–0.93* | ||
≥18 | 130 (20.5) | 98 (75.4) | ||||
Secondary | 440 (68.9) | 355 (80.7) | 1.76 ** | 1.20–2.59 | 5.56 *** | 3.13–10.00 |
High | 199 (31.1) | 140 (70.4) | Ref. | Ref. | 0.10–0.32 | |
School grade | ||||||
Secondary | 440 (68.9) | 355 (80.7) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
High | 199 (31.1) | 140 (70.4) | 0.57 ** | 0.39–0.84 | 0.18 *** | 0.10–0.32 |
Mother’s education | ||||||
Low | 291 (46.9) | 199 (68.4) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Medium | 190 (30.6) | 164 (86.3) | 2.92 *** | 1.80–4.23 | 5.43 *** | 2.85–10.36 |
High | 140 (22.5) | 121 (86.4) | 2.94 *** | 1.71–5.08 | 4.37 *** | 2.08–9.17 |
Father’s education | ||||||
Low | 310 (49.7) | 243 (78.4) | Ref. | |||
Medium | 213 (34.1) | 160 (75.1) | 0.83 | 0.55–1.26 | ||
High | 101 (16.2) | 82 (81.2) | 1.19 | 0.67–2.10 | ||
Money available per month | ||||||
<100 PLN | 393 (63.5) | 324 (82.4) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
≥100 PLN | 226 (36.5) | 158 (69.9) | 0.49 ** | 0.37 *** | 0.22–0.61 | |
Parental smoking | ||||||
None | 306 (48.3) | 223 (72.9) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
One or both | 327 (51.7) | 268 (82.0) | 1.69 ** | 1.16–2.47 | 2.22 ** | 1.33–3.71 |
Parental e-cigarettes use | ||||||
None | 418 (67.9) | 316 (75.6) | Ref. | |||
One or both | 198 (32.1) | 161 (81.3) | 1.40 | 0.92–2.14 | ||
Friends’ smoking | ||||||
None | 122 (19.1) | 76 (62.3) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Some | 517 (80.9) | 419 (81.0) | 2.59 *** | 1.69–3.97 | 2.20 ** | 1.20–4.04 |
Friends’ e-cigarette use | ||||||
None | 6 (1.1) | 5 (83.3) | Ref. | |||
Some | 521 (98.9) | 405 (77.7) | 0.69 | 0.08–6.07 | ||
Ban on smoking at home | ||||||
Yes | 250 (39.2) | 203 (81.2) | Ref. | |||
No | 388 (60.8) | 292 (75.3) | 0.70 | 0.48–1.04 | ||
Ban on smoking at school | ||||||
Yes | 400 (62.6) | 311 (77.8) | Ref. | |||
No | 239 (37.4) | 184 (77.0) | 0.96 | 0.65–1.40 | ||
Ban on e-cigarette use at school | ||||||
Yes | 254 (40.0) | 198 (78.0) | Ref. | |||
No | 381 (60.0) | 293 (76.9) | 0.94 | 0.64–1.38 | ||
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Non-drinker | 155 (24.4) | 94 (60.6) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Moderate | 158 (24.8) | 141 (89.2) | 5.38 *** | 2.69–9.80 | 4.24 *** | 2.03–8.84 |
Binge | 323 (50.8) | 258 (79.9) | 2.57 *** | 1.69–3.93 | 1.54 | 0.90–2.61 |
Tobacco smoking | ||||||
Never smoker | 221 (34.6) | 142 (64.3) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Former smoker | 237 (37.1) | 184 (77.6) | 1.93 ** | 1.28–2.92 | 2.67 *** | 1.56–4.56 |
Current smoker | 181 (28.3) | 169 (93.4) | 7.84 *** | 4.09–15.00 | 11.32 *** | 6.04–21.13 |
Girls who use e-cigarettes are: | ||||||
More attractive | 205 (32.1) | 187 (91.2) | 4.25 *** | 2.51–7.21 | 2.88 ** | 1.42–5.86 |
Less attractive or no difference | 434 (67.9) | 308 (71.0) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
Boys who use e-cigarettes are: | ||||||
More attractive | 231 (36.3) | 183 (79.2) | 1.18 | 0.80–1.75 | ||
Less attractive or no difference | 406 (63.7) | 310 (76.4) | Ref | |||
Perception that smoking is harmful to health | ||||||
Yes | 557 (87.2) | 435 (78.1) | Ref. | |||
No | 82 (12.8) | 60 (73.2) | 0.76 | 0.45–1.30 | ||
Relative harmfulness (compared to traditional cigarettes) | ||||||
As harmful | 254 (40.0) | 198 (78.0) | Ref. | |||
Less harmful | 318 (50.1) | 246 (77.4) | 0.97 | 0.65–1.44 | ||
More harmful | 63 (9.9) | 48 (76.2) | 0.91 | 0.47–1.74 |
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Kaleta, D.; Niedzin, M.; Jankowska, A.; Polańska, K. Predictors of E-Cigarette Use Susceptibility—A Study of Young People from a Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Rural Area in Poland. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203935
Kaleta D, Niedzin M, Jankowska A, Polańska K. Predictors of E-Cigarette Use Susceptibility—A Study of Young People from a Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Rural Area in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(20):3935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203935
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaleta, Dorota, Mirosław Niedzin, Agnieszka Jankowska, and Kinga Polańska. 2019. "Predictors of E-Cigarette Use Susceptibility—A Study of Young People from a Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Rural Area in Poland" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 20: 3935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203935