Relationships between Vitamin D3 and Metabolic Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Aim of the Study
3. Material and Methods
Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- There were no statistically significant relationships between vitamin D3 levels and MetS parameters, namely the level of triglycerides, the levels of LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). Vitamin D deficiency was only observed in the women with abdominal obesity.
- (2)
- Low vitamin D3 levels were typical of perimenopausal women. Age was a variable correlating with vitamin D.
- (3)
- The presence of menstrual cycles was an important contributor to vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more common in the menstruating women.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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BMI | Vitamin D3 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General Values | p * | Deficiency | Optimal Levels | Elevated Levels | p ** | ||||||||
n | % | M ± SD | Min–Max | Me | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Normal weight | 26 | 21.84 | 20.27 ± 17.97 | 0–57.86 | 13.55 | 0.092 | 18 | 69.23 | 5 | 19.23 | 3 | 11.54 | 0.291 |
Overweight | 40 | 33.61 | 32.39 ± 29.81 | 0–133.5 | 24.45 | 23 | 57.50 | 10 | 25.00 | 7 | 17.50 | ||
Obesity | 31 | 26.05 | 32.29 ± 24.75 | 0–85.5 | 33.09 | 14 | 45.16 | 8 | 25.81 | 9 | 29.03 | ||
Second- or third-degree obesity | 22 | 18.48 | 39.01 ± 30.31 | 0–136.4 | 36.02 | 8 | 36.36 | 9 | 40.91 | 5 | 22.73 |
Waist Circumference | Vitamin D3 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General Values | p * | Deficiency | Optimal Levels | Elevated Levels | p ** | ||||||||
n | % | M ± SD | Min–Max | Me | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Android obesity | 90 | 75.63 | 33.57 ± 28.19 | 0–136.4 | 31.26 | 0.067 | 44 | 48.89 | 26 | 28.89 | 20 | 22.22 | 0.291 |
Lack of obesity | 29 | 24.36 | 22.79 ± 20.41 | 0–76.75 | 14.1 | 19 | 65.52 | 6 | 20.69 | 4 | 13.79 |
Parameter | Correlation with Vitamin D3 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Correlation Coefficient * | p | Direction of the Relationship | Strength of the Relationship | |
SBP [mmHg] | 0.056 | 0.547 | --- | --- |
DBP [mmHg] | −0.075 | 0.416 | --- | --- |
Total cholesterol [mg/dL] | −0.01 | 0.916 | --- | --- |
LDL cholesterol [mg/dL] | −0.075 | 0.42 | --- | --- |
HDL cholesterol [mg/dL] | 0.095 | 0.305 | --- | --- |
Triglycerides [mg/dL] | 0.036 | 0.701 | --- | --- |
Variables | Correlation Coefficient * | p | Direction of the Relationship | Strength of the Relationship |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age and vitamin D3 levels | 0.298 | 0.001 | both variables move in the same direction (positive correlation) | very weak |
Parameter | OR | 95% CI | p * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Risk of vitamin D3 deficiency | 0.933 | 0.888 | 0.981 | 0.006 |
Risk of elevated vitamin D3 levels | 1.131 | 1.048 | 1.22 | 0.002 |
Menstruation | Vitamin D3 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General Values | p * | Deficiency | Optimal Levels | Elevated Levels | p ** | ||||||||
n | % | M ± SD | Min–Max | Me | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Yes | 43 | 36.13 | 24.30 ± 26.45 | 0–133.5 | 15.5 | 0.015 | 28 | 65.12 | 12 | 27.91 | 3 | 6.98 | 0.01 |
No | 67 | 56.30 | 35.34 ± 27.85 | 0–136.4 | 35.02 | 31 | 46.27 | 15 | 22.39 | 21 | 31.34 |
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Wieder-Huszla, S.; Jurczak, A.; Szkup, M.; Barczak, K.; Dołęgowska, B.; Schneider-Matyka, D.; Owsianowska, J.; Grochans, E. Relationships between Vitamin D3 and Metabolic Syndrome. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020175
Wieder-Huszla S, Jurczak A, Szkup M, Barczak K, Dołęgowska B, Schneider-Matyka D, Owsianowska J, Grochans E. Relationships between Vitamin D3 and Metabolic Syndrome. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(2):175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020175
Chicago/Turabian StyleWieder-Huszla, Sylwia, Anna Jurczak, Małgorzata Szkup, Katarzyna Barczak, Barbara Dołęgowska, Daria Schneider-Matyka, Joanna Owsianowska, and Elżbieta Grochans. 2019. "Relationships between Vitamin D3 and Metabolic Syndrome" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2: 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020175
APA StyleWieder-Huszla, S., Jurczak, A., Szkup, M., Barczak, K., Dołęgowska, B., Schneider-Matyka, D., Owsianowska, J., & Grochans, E. (2019). Relationships between Vitamin D3 and Metabolic Syndrome. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2), 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020175