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Volume 16
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Article

Health Implications of Drinking Water Salinity in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh

by
Rishika Chakraborty
1,
Khalid M. Khan
1,*,
Daniel T. Dibaba
2,
Md Alfazal Khan
3,
Ali Ahmed
4 and
Mohammad Zahirul Islam
4
1
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
2
Tennessee Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
3
Matlab Health Research Centre, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
4
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(19), 3746; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193746
Submission received: 5 August 2019 / Revised: 27 September 2019 / Accepted: 1 October 2019 / Published: 4 October 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drinking Water and Health Risks)
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Abstract

Coastal areas in South Asian countries are particularly vulnerable to elevated water salinity. Drinking water salinity has been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Our study aimed to find if excess drinking water salinity was associated with increased hospital visits with an array of health effects in coastal sub-districts of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 157 participants from three coastal sub-districts. A face-to-face interview was conducted to collect salinity exposure and hospital visit data. Water samples were collected from both drinking and other household water sources for the measurement of salinity and total dissolved solids (TDS). CVD, diarrhea, and abdominal pain related hospital visits were found to be significantly associated with high water salinity and TDS. Households exposed to high salinity demonstrated a higher frequency of hospital visits than the low salinity-exposed households. People exposed to high salinity seemed to lack awareness regarding salinity-inducing health effects. Water salinity is a public health concern that will continue to rise due to climate change. Therefore, raising awareness about the health risks of water salinity is essential for the government to frame policies and mitigation strategies to control this emerging threat.
Keywords: water salinity; coastal Bangladesh; health effects; hospitalization water salinity; coastal Bangladesh; health effects; hospitalization

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chakraborty, R.; Khan, K.M.; Dibaba, D.T.; Khan, M.A.; Ahmed, A.; Islam, M.Z. Health Implications of Drinking Water Salinity in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193746

AMA Style

Chakraborty R, Khan KM, Dibaba DT, Khan MA, Ahmed A, Islam MZ. Health Implications of Drinking Water Salinity in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(19):3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193746

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chakraborty, Rishika, Khalid M. Khan, Daniel T. Dibaba, Md Alfazal Khan, Ali Ahmed, and Mohammad Zahirul Islam. 2019. "Health Implications of Drinking Water Salinity in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19: 3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193746

APA Style

Chakraborty, R., Khan, K. M., Dibaba, D. T., Khan, M. A., Ahmed, A., & Islam, M. Z. (2019). Health Implications of Drinking Water Salinity in Coastal Areas of Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(19), 3746. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193746

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