Oral Care Experiences of Latino Parents/Caregivers with Children with Autism and with Typically Developing Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sample Characteristics
3.2. Findings
3.2.1. “Why Would I Want to Start Problems?” (Vulnerability and Mistrust of Providers)
“In Mexico, a horse kicked me in the mouth and left my teeth loose. When I first came [to the United States], I was determined to fix my teeth. So I began to work and save all my money, and I went to a dentist. I don’t remember his name, but I think he was a new dentist who was still learning. So I went to him, and he told me he had to cut out my root to fix my tooth...and he ended up cutting a piece of my muscle…rather, he cut a chunk out of my mouth. Then, he told me he would fix it by putting in something in behind my teeth. But how could he put anything else in when he had already cut out and removed that section? I left feeling very traumatized with what he did to me, and since then, I have not returned to the dentist.”
3.2.2. “We Have to Put Our Children First” (Parents Prioritizing the Oral Care Activities of Their Children)
“I have problems with a tooth, and they told me I have significant bone loss…maybe because I am prediabetic, like my mother and grandmother are diabetics…and I still have problems with this tooth, problems, problems, problems, but the truth is here it is too expensive to get help, and I don’t have dental insurance. But, I make sure I take my boys to the dentist, so they don’t get problems with their teeth too.”
“The truth is, when I was growing up, we did not brush our teeth; we did not even have a toothbrush. Instead, we would rinse our mouths. Toothbrushes did not even exist; actually, they existed, but only for people that had money, not for the poor people. Can you imagine if my mother had to buy toothbrushes for all of us? There would not be enough money. There was only enough money to eat, and there were other priorities for the family like eating, buying school uniforms, and staying fed.”
3.2.3. “We Always Keep Baking Soda Around” (Familial and Culturally Informed Oral Care Practices)
“He maybe went to the dentist once in his life growing up in Mexico, and it was only because a truck drove through his neighborhood when he was a child. It was from the city, and it was a mobile unit, a Mobile Dentist. But there, it would only drive by maybe every 3 years. And so he came out running and they told him, ‘we can’t help you, we need to talk to your mother.’ And well, his mom was not around. So instead, he asked a neighbor, ‘please tell them I’m your nephew, give me your hand, so then they will help me. Look, it hurts.’ And I think that was the only time he got a cleaning as a child. And the dentists told him “you need a lot of help,” but he never got it. So then he stopped trying, because he did not think that they would help him.”
“It’s a two-hour bus drive and then it’s another four-hour donkey ride to get to her home…it’s that remote. And that translates into how she was raised regarding the importance of dental care. Was it important? Like, literally they didn’t have running water. They didn’t have any electricity. It’s a different atmosphere completely. So I’m sure that translated in how she raised her boys here in America, because it’s like, ‘Well, if you do brush your teeth, that’s great because it is healthy to do it. But if it doesn’t happen, it doesn’t happen.’ You know, that’s not the highest priority on the list.”
“My half-sister, she lives in El Salvador. When she came, she had a lot of cavities, so I was flossing, I was brushing her teeth. I was taking her to the dentist. And she had Medi-Cal, but with Medi-Cal, they just do one tooth at a time. So I was taking her to her appointments, but I’m like, how do people do it? Because if they’re just seeing you for one tooth, and then that’s it, next appointment in a month. So you have to go back for each tooth, you know? Oh my god, it’s too much.”
“I first took [my child] to the dentist he was nine months old. The doctor said, ‘You know, he’s going to need to be checked,’ so I took him. And then my mom said, ‘Why? I never took you guys, kids don’t need it. The first teeth are going to fall out either way.’ So that was in my head. I took him, but then I was like, ‘I’m not going to do the follow up, because the teeth are still going to come off either way.’”
“My parents said, ‘You have to take care of your teeth, because your own teeth are better to have than dentures.’ I remember my parents would tell me that, and luckily, maybe it’s hereditary, but I have good teeth, and I also know it’s because I took care of them all my life. My mom did too. My dad, not so much. When he was younger, he lost a lot of his own teeth, and then he had to get dentures, and then implants. He had a lot of trouble because he didn’t take care of his teeth.”
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Guiding Question |
---|
Daily Routines |
Tell me what your typical oral care routines are like? |
Are there other people or things that influence your oral care/routines? |
Is there any other information you would like to share with me about your oral health routines? |
Perceptions of oral care |
How would you describe your oral health status? (you, your child) |
How do your experiences impact your child? |
Is there anything that makes your oral care easier? Harder? |
Cultural Background |
How has your oral care changed, if at all, since you have been in the US? |
How does your family background/beliefs/culture impact your oral health? |
What are your beliefs about oral health? Where did you learn them? |
Characteristics | Parents of cASD (n = 10) | Parents of TD Children (n = 8) |
---|---|---|
Language Spoken | ||
English | 70% (7) | 50% (4) |
Spanish | 30% (3) | 50% (4) |
Primary Caregiver Gender | ||
Female | 90% (9) | 100% (8) |
Male | 10% (1) | 0 |
Years of Education (range) of participating parent | 13 (6–19) | 13.9 (7–17) |
Mean Number of Children in family (range) | 2.25 (1–4) | 1.9 (1–3) |
Age of child enrolled in study | 9.0 (6–12) | 7.9 (6–12) |
Parent Nativity | ||
Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador) | 40% (4) | 62.5% (5) |
South America | 10% (1) | 12.5% (1) |
United States | 50% (5) | 25% (2) |
Acculturation* | * on a 5-point scale, scores over 2.5 indicate higher level of adherence to cultural domain. 2.5 of above in both categories indicates biculturalism | |
Hispanic | 2.958 (1.07) | 2.979 (0.955) |
Non-Hispanic | 3.367 (0.641) | 2.712 (1.024) |
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Share and Cite
Floríndez, L.I.; Floríndez, D.C.; Floríndez, F.M.; Como, D.H.; Pyatak, E.; Baezconde-Garbanati, L.; Polido, J.C.; Cermak, S.A. Oral Care Experiences of Latino Parents/Caregivers with Children with Autism and with Typically Developing Children. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162905
Floríndez LI, Floríndez DC, Floríndez FM, Como DH, Pyatak E, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Polido JC, Cermak SA. Oral Care Experiences of Latino Parents/Caregivers with Children with Autism and with Typically Developing Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(16):2905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162905
Chicago/Turabian StyleFloríndez, Lucía I., Daniella C. Floríndez, Francesca M. Floríndez, Dominique H. Como, Elizabeth Pyatak, Lourdes Baezconde-Garbanati, Jose C. Polido, and Sharon A. Cermak. 2019. "Oral Care Experiences of Latino Parents/Caregivers with Children with Autism and with Typically Developing Children" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 2905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162905