Interaction of Health Literacy and Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Their Impact on Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Chinese Adolescents
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Participants and Procedures
2.2. Demographic Information
2.3. Questionnaire Data
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Univariate Analyses
3.2. Multivariate Logistic Regression Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Groups | n (%) | Crude OR (95 % CI) A | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) a | n (%) | Crude OR (95 % CI) B | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) a | n (%) | Crude OR (95 % CI) C | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) a | Crude OR (95 % CI) D | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No + High | 4630 (20.5) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 2255 (20.5) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 2375 (20.4) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.221 (1.059−1.408) ** | 1.269 (1.096−1.469) *** |
No + Medium | 8923 (39.4) | 1.589 (1.461−1.729) *** | 1.614 (1.479−1.760) *** | 4120 (37.5) | 1.761 (1.565−1.982) *** | 1.698 (1.505−1.916) *** | 4803 (41.3) | 1.456 (1.290−1.643) *** | 1.545 (1.363−1.752) *** | 1.447 (1.348−1.619) *** | 1.466 (1.335−1.610) *** |
No + Low | 3323 (15.7) | 1.853 (1.674−2.051) *** | 1.844 (1.657−2.051) *** | 1699 (15.5) | 1.782 (1.547−2.052) *** | 1.668 (1.440−1.933) *** | 1624 (14.0) | 1.920 (1.658−2.224) *** | 2.082 (1.784−2.429) *** | 1.133 (0.980−1.311) | 1.103 (0.951−1.280) |
Yes + High | 856 (3.8) | 2.060 (1.760−2.412) *** | 2.028 (1.727−2.381) *** | 512 (4.7) | 2.209 (1.802−2.707) *** | 2.162 (1.760−2.657) *** | 344 (3.0) | 1.739 (1.349−2.242) *** | 1.885 (1.454−2.445) *** | 1.551 (1.158−2.079) ** | 1.459 (1.072−1.986) * |
Yes + Medium | 2919 (12.9) | 3.133 (2.830−3.470) *** | 3.253 (2.930−3.613) *** | 1383 (12.6) | 3.162 (2.736−3.655) *** | 3.074 (2.652−3.564) *** | 1536 (13.2) | 3.138 (2.717−3.623) *** | 3.441 (2.965−3.993) *** | 1.231 (1.063−1.425) ** | 1.178 (1.011−1.371) * |
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Variable | Total Sample (n = 22,628) | NSSI | χ2 | φ/V | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 15,367) | Yes (n = 7261) | ||||
Gender | 96.332 *** | −0.065 *** | |||
Male | 10990 (48.6) | 7119 (64.8) | 3871 (35.2) | ||
Female | 11638 (51.4) | 8248 (70.9) | 3390 (29.1) | ||
Grade | 65.487 *** | −0.054 *** | |||
Middle school | 11993 (53.0) | 7861 (65.6) | 4132 (34.4) | ||
High school | 10635 (47.0) | 7506 (70.6) | 3129 (29.4) | ||
Registered residence | 26.357 *** | −0.034 *** | |||
Rural | 10882 (48.1) | 7210 (66.3) | 3672 (33.7) | ||
Urban | 11746 (51.9) | 8157 (69.4) | 3589 (30.6) | ||
Any siblings | 0.239 | 0.003 | |||
Yes | 12908 (57.0) | 8749 (67.8) | 4159 (32.2) | ||
No | 9720 (43.0) | 6618 (68.1) | 3102 (31.9) | ||
Accommodation type | 6.952 ** | −0.018 ** | |||
Boarding student | 11320 (50.0) | 7595 (67.1) | 3725 (32.9) | ||
Commuting student | 11308 (50.0) | 7772 (68.7) | 3536 (31.3) | ||
Father’s educational level a | 8.823 ** | −0.020 ** | |||
< High school degree | 13006 (57.5) | 8735 (67.2) | 4271 (32.8) | ||
≥ High school degree | 9424 (41.6) | 6506 (69.0) | 2918 (31.0) | ||
Mother’s educational level b | 9.751 ** | −0.021 ** | |||
< High school degree | 14335 (63.4) | 9639 (67.2) | 4696 (32.8) | ||
≥ High school degree | 8105 (35.8) | 5614 (69.3) | 2491 (30.7) | ||
Self-reported family economy | 67.759 *** | 0.055 *** | |||
Bad | 3240 (14.3) | 2005 (61.9) | 1235 (38.1) | ||
General | 16345 (72.2) | 11316 (69.2) | 5029 (30.8) | ||
Good | 3043 (13.4) | 2046 (67.2) | 997 (32.8) | ||
Number of friends | 37.753 *** | 0.041 *** | |||
≤ 2 | 5514 (24.4) | 3560 (64.6) | 1954 (35.4) | ||
3-5 | 9620 (42.5) | 6622 (68.8) | 2998 (31.2) | ||
≥ 6 | 7494 (33.1) | 5185 (69.2) | 2309 (30.8) | ||
City | 102.702 *** | 0.067 *** | |||
Shenyang | 3217(14.2) | 2165(67.3) | 1052(32.7) | ||
Xinxiang | 3230(14.3) | 2327(72.0) | 903(28.0) | ||
Yangjiang | 5061(22.4) | 3525(69.7) | 1536(30.3) | ||
Chongqing | 5588(24.7) | 3865(69.2) | 1723(30.8) | ||
Ulanchap | 2333(10.3) | 1506(64.6) | 827(35.4) | ||
Bengbu | 3199(14.1) | 1979(61.9) | 1220(38.1) | ||
HL | 343.427 *** | 0.123 *** | |||
High | 5486 (24.2) | 4230 (77.1) | 1256 (22.9) | ||
Medium | 11842 (52.3) | 7917 (66.9) | 3925 (33.1) | ||
Low | 5300 (23.4) | 3220 (60.8) | 2080 (39.2) | ||
PMPU | 623.184 *** | 0.166 *** | |||
No | 16876 (74.6) | 12224 (72.4) | 4652 (27.6) | ||
Yes | 5752 (25.4) | 3143 (54.6) | 2609 (45.4) |
Items | Total Sample (n = 22628) | Male (n = 10990) | Female (n = 11638) | χ2 | φ/V |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.Have you ever hit yourself? | 25.124 *** | −0.033 *** | |||
No | 19425 (85.8) | 9303 (41.1) | 10122 (44.7) | ||
Yes | 3203 (14.2) | 1687 (7.5) | 1516 (6.7) | ||
2. Have you ever pulled your hair yourself? | 139.819 *** | −0.079 *** | |||
No | 20006 (88.4) | 9432 (41.7) | 10574 (46.7) | ||
Yes | 2622 (11.6) | 1558 (6.9) | 1064 (4.7) | ||
3. Have you ever banged your head or fist against something? | 521.060 *** | −0.152 *** | |||
No | 18118 (80.1) | 8114 (35.9) | 10004 (44.2) | ||
Yes | 4510 (19.9) | 2876 (12.7) | 1634 (7.2) | ||
4. Have you ever pinched or scratched yourself? | 110.153 *** | 0.070 *** | |||
No | 19918 (88.0) | 9930 (43.9) | 9988 (44.1) | ||
Yes | 2710 (12.0) | 1060 (4.7) | 1650 (7.3) | ||
5. Have you ever bitten yourself? | 48.302 *** | 0.046 *** | |||
No | 21044 (93.0) | 10354 (45.8) | 10690 (47.2) | ||
Yes | 1584 (7.0) | 636 (2.8) | 948 (4.2) | ||
6. Have you ever cut or pierced yourself? | 32.246 *** | 0.038 *** | |||
No | 21277 (94.0) | 10435 (46.1) | 10842 (47.9) | ||
Yes | 1351 (6.0) | 555 (2.5) | 796 (3.5) | ||
7. Have you ever exposed yourself to smoke, fire and flames or come in contact with heat and hot substances? | 51.465 *** | −0.048 *** | |||
No | 21692 (95.9) | 10428 (46.1) | 11264 (49.8) | ||
Yes | 936 (4.1) | 562 (2.5) | 374 (1.7) | ||
8. Have you ever ingested a toxic substance or object? | 48.089 *** | −0.046 *** | |||
No | 22332 (98.7) | 10787 (46.7) | 11545 (51.0) | ||
Yes | 296 (1.3) | 203 (0.9) | 93 (0.4) |
Variables | NSSI | ||
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | Crude OR (95 % CI) | Adjusted OR (95 % CI) a | |
HL | |||
High | 5415 (23.9) | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Medium | 11686 (51.6) | 1.572 (1.459–1.693) *** | 1.609 (1.489–1.738) *** |
Low | 5190 (22.9) | 1.878 (1.724–2.045) *** | 1.886 (1.723–2.065) *** |
PMPU | |||
No | 16644 (73.6) | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Have | 5647 (25.0) | 2.027 (1.904–2.159) *** | 2.062 (1.934–2.199) *** |
HL × PMPU | |||
High × No | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
Medium × Have | 2.108 (1.946–2.283) *** | 2.170 (2.000–2.354) *** | |
Low × Have | 2.632 (2.395–2.891) *** | 2.617 (2.375–2.884) *** |
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Li, D.; Yang, R.; Wan, Y.; Tao, F.; Fang, J.; Zhang, S. Interaction of Health Literacy and Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Their Impact on Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Chinese Adolescents. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2366. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132366
Li D, Yang R, Wan Y, Tao F, Fang J, Zhang S. Interaction of Health Literacy and Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Their Impact on Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Chinese Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(13):2366. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132366
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Danlin, Rong Yang, Yuhui Wan, Fangbiao Tao, Jun Fang, and Shichen Zhang. 2019. "Interaction of Health Literacy and Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Their Impact on Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Chinese Adolescents" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13: 2366. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132366