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Volume 16
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10.3390/ijerph16010156
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Article

Cotreatment of MSWI Fly Ash and Granulated Lead Smelting Slag Using a Geopolymer System

by
De-Gang Liu
1,
Yong Ke
1,2,
Xiao-Bo Min
1,2,*,
Yan-Jie Liang
1,2,
Zhong-Bing Wang
1,
Yuan-Cheng Li
1,
Jiang-Chi Fei
1,
Li-Wei Yao
1,
Hui Xu
1 and
Guang-Hua Jiang
1
1
Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
2
Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(1), 156; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010156
Submission received: 8 December 2018 / Revised: 24 December 2018 / Accepted: 1 January 2019 / Published: 8 January 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Landfill Leachate Treatment and Management)
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Abstract

Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) and granulated lead smelting slag (GLSS) are toxic industrial wastes. In the present study, granulated lead smelting slag (GLSS) was pretreated as a geopolymer precursor through the high-energy ball milling activation process, which could be used as a geopolymeric solidification/stabilization (S/S) reagent for MSWI FA. The S/S process has been estimated through the physical properties and heavy metals leachability of the S/S matrices. The results show that the compressive strength of the geopolymer matrix reaches 15.32 MPa after curing for 28 days under the best parameters, and the physical properties meet the requirement of MU10 grade fly ash brick. In addition, the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test results show that arsenic and heavy metals are immobilized effectively in the geopolymer matrix, and their concentrations in the leachate are far below the US EPA TCLP limits. The hydration products of the geopolymer binder are characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared methods. The results show that the geopolymer gel and Friedel’s salt are the main hydration products. The S/S mechanism of the arsenic and heavy metals in the geopolymer matrix mainly involves physical encapsulation of the geopolymer gel, geopolymer adsorption and ion exchange of Friedel’s salt.
Keywords: MSWI fly ash; granulated lead smelting slag; geopolymer; solidification/stabilization; heavy metals; Friedel’s salt MSWI fly ash; granulated lead smelting slag; geopolymer; solidification/stabilization; heavy metals; Friedel’s salt
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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, D.-G.; Ke, Y.; Min, X.-B.; Liang, Y.-J.; Wang, Z.-B.; Li, Y.-C.; Fei, J.-C.; Yao, L.-W.; Xu, H.; Jiang, G.-H. Cotreatment of MSWI Fly Ash and Granulated Lead Smelting Slag Using a Geopolymer System. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010156

AMA Style

Liu D-G, Ke Y, Min X-B, Liang Y-J, Wang Z-B, Li Y-C, Fei J-C, Yao L-W, Xu H, Jiang G-H. Cotreatment of MSWI Fly Ash and Granulated Lead Smelting Slag Using a Geopolymer System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(1):156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010156

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, De-Gang, Yong Ke, Xiao-Bo Min, Yan-Jie Liang, Zhong-Bing Wang, Yuan-Cheng Li, Jiang-Chi Fei, Li-Wei Yao, Hui Xu, and Guang-Hua Jiang. 2019. "Cotreatment of MSWI Fly Ash and Granulated Lead Smelting Slag Using a Geopolymer System" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 1: 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010156

APA Style

Liu, D.-G., Ke, Y., Min, X.-B., Liang, Y.-J., Wang, Z.-B., Li, Y.-C., Fei, J.-C., Yao, L.-W., Xu, H., & Jiang, G.-H. (2019). Cotreatment of MSWI Fly Ash and Granulated Lead Smelting Slag Using a Geopolymer System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(1), 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010156

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