Health Impacts of Exposure to Gaseous Pollutants and Particulate Matter in Beijing—A Non-Linear Analysis Based on the New Evidence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Distributed Lag Non-Linear Model
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 |
---|---|---|---|
Number of outpatients | 275.96 ± 159.70 | 288.80 ± 163.53 | 273.59 ± 149.11 |
Air Pollutant Concentrations | |||
CO (mg/m3) | 1.21 ± 0.83 | 1.30 ± 1.12 | 1.16 ± 0.96 |
NO2 (µg/m3) | 53.72 ± 23.30 | 49.02 ± 24.55 | 48.21 ± 24.29 |
O3 (µg/m3) | 104.52 ± 64.23 | 99.51 ± 65.88 | 95.76 ± 65.20 |
SO2 (µg/m3) | 18.11 ± 21.14 | 12.76 ± 13.78 | 9.99 ± 10.30 |
PM2.5 (µg/m3) | 83.80 ± 68.80 | 80.11 ± 71.90 | 72.89 ± 63.51 |
PM10 (µg/m3) | 115.86 ± 74.58 | 100.61 ± 84.26 | 97.01 ± 73.73 |
Meteorological Measures (24 h average) | |||
Temperature (°C) | 15.39 ± 15.52 | 13.36 ± 10.29 | 13.64 ± 13.71 |
Relative Humidity (%) | 51.00 ± 18.98 | 54.24 ± 20.16 | 50.92 ± 20.20 |
Variables | CO | NO2 | O3 | SO2 | PM2.5 | PM10 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CO | 1.000 | - | - | - | - | - |
NO2 | 0.815 * | 1.000 | - | - | - | - |
O3 | −0.383 * | −0.388 * | 1.000 | - | - | - |
SO2 | 0.603 * | 0.629 * | −0.323 * | 1.000 | - | - |
PM2.5 | 0.829 * | 0.793 * | −0.136 * | 0.533 * | 1.000 | - |
PM10 | 0.707 * | 0.748 * | −0.090 * | 0.525 * | 0.840 * | 1.000 |
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Cheng, Y.; Ermolieva, T.; Cao, G.-Y.; Zheng, X. Health Impacts of Exposure to Gaseous Pollutants and Particulate Matter in Beijing—A Non-Linear Analysis Based on the New Evidence. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091969
Cheng Y, Ermolieva T, Cao G-Y, Zheng X. Health Impacts of Exposure to Gaseous Pollutants and Particulate Matter in Beijing—A Non-Linear Analysis Based on the New Evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(9):1969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091969
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Yunfei, Tatiana Ermolieva, Gui-Ying Cao, and Xiaoying Zheng. 2018. "Health Impacts of Exposure to Gaseous Pollutants and Particulate Matter in Beijing—A Non-Linear Analysis Based on the New Evidence" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9: 1969. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091969