Reconciling the Entomological Hazard and Disease Risk in the Lyme Disease System
1
Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
2
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(5), 1048; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15051048
Received: 1 March 2018
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Revised: 9 May 2018
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Accepted: 16 May 2018
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Published: 22 May 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergence of Tick-Borne Diseases Resulting from Human Landscape Change)
Lyme disease (LD) is a commonly cited model for the link between habitat loss and/or fragmentation and disease emergence, based in part on studies showing that forest patch size is negatively related to LD entomological risk. An equivalent relationship has not, however, been shown between patch size and LD incidence (LDI). Because entomological risk is measured at the patch scale, while LDI is generally assessed in relation to aggregate landscape statistics such as forest cover, we posit that the contribution of individual patches to human LD risk has not yet been directly evaluated. We design a model that directly links theoretical entomological risk at the patch scale to larger-scale epidemiological data. We evaluate its predictions for relative LD risk in artificial landscapes with varying composition and configuration, and test its ability to predict countywide LDI in a 12-county region of New York. On simulated landscapes, we find that the model predicts a unimodal relationship between LD incidence and forest cover, mean patch size, and mean minimum distance (a measure of isolation), and a protective effect for percolation probability (a measure of connectivity). In New York, risk indices generated by this model are significantly related to countywide LDI. The results suggest that the lack of concordance between entomological risk and LDI may be partially resolved by this style of model.
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Keywords:
Lyme disease; landscape; entomological risk; habitat fragmentation; land use; dilution effect; tick; biodiversity; Ixodes scapularis; Borrelia burgdorferi
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MDPI and ACS Style
McClure, M.; Diuk-Wasser, M. Reconciling the Entomological Hazard and Disease Risk in the Lyme Disease System. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15051048
AMA Style
McClure M, Diuk-Wasser M. Reconciling the Entomological Hazard and Disease Risk in the Lyme Disease System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(5):1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15051048
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcClure, Max, and Maria Diuk-Wasser. 2018. "Reconciling the Entomological Hazard and Disease Risk in the Lyme Disease System" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 5: 1048. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15051048
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