The Elderly Perceived Meanings and Values of Virtual Reality Leisure Activities: A Means-End Chain Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Positioning of Virtual Reality Leisure Activities
2.2. Benefits of Virtual Reality Leisure Activities for the Elderly
2.3. Personal Values and Consumer Behavior
2.4. Means-End Chain Theory
2.5. Laddering Interviews
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Research Subjects and Sampling Design
3.2. Data Collection
3.3. Data Analysis
- Intercoder Agreement:
- R = Agreement
- M = Frequency of matches between two coders
- N1 = Coding frequency of first coder
- N2 = Coding frequency of second coder
- Composite Reliability:
- CR = Composite reliability
- N = Number of coders
4. Research Results
4.1. Description of Attributes, Consequences, and Values
4.2. Implication Matrix
4.3. Hierarchical Value Map
4.4. Research Results
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Attribute | Consequences | Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Specific Attribute |
| Functional Consequences |
| Functional Value |
|
Abstract Attribute |
| Psychological Consequences |
| Terminal Value |
|
Type | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 | V6 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 7; 0 | 1; 1 | 3; 2 | 2; 1 | 4; 2 | 0; 2 | 0; 6 | 0; 3 | 0; 5 | 0; 4 | 17; 26 | ||||
A2 | 1; 1 | 2; 0 | 1; 1 | 0; 1 | 0; 2 | 0; 1 | 0; 1 | 4; 7 | |||||||
A3 | 0; 1 | 5; 0 | 0; 1 | 3; 1 | 1; 0 | 0; 4 | 0; 1 | 0; 1 | 0; 3 | 9; 12 | |||||
A4 | 1; 0 | 0; 1 | 5; 0 | 0; 2 | 0; 1 | 0; 3 | 0; 1 | 6; 8 | |||||||
A5 | 3; 0 | 2; 0 | 2; 0 | 1; 1 | 5; 1 | 2; 3 | 1; 1 | 0; 3 | 1; 6 | 0; 2 | 0; 1 | 17; 18 | |||
A6 | 1; 0 | 1; 0 | 3; 0 | 1; 1 | 1; 1 | 0; 3 | 0; 3 | 1; 0 | 0; 1 | 8; 9 | |||||
A7 | 4; 2 | 1; 3 | 1; 0 | 4; 1 | 0; 1 | 0; 3 | 0; 2 | 0; 2 | 0; 1 | 10; 15 | |||||
A8 | 1; 0 | 1; 0 | 2; 0 | ||||||||||||
A9 | 1; 0 | 1; 1 | 0; 1 | 1; 0 | 0; 1 | 0; 1 | 0; 2 | 3; 6 | |||||||
A10 | 1; 0 | 1; 0 | 2; 0 | 0; 1 | 0; 1 | 4; 2 | |||||||||
A11 | 1; 0 | 0; 1 | 0; 1 | 2; 0 | 0; 1 | 0; 1 | 3; 4 | ||||||||
C1 | 5; 0 | 1; 0 | 1; 0 | 2; 0 | 1; 0 | 1; 0 | 4; 2 | 0; 1 | 1; 3 | 2; 3 | 1; 1 | 19; 10 | |||
C2 | 2; 0 | 1; 0 | 1; 0 | 4; 0 | 1; 1 | 1; 1 | 1; 1 | 1; 1 | 12; 4 | ||||||
C3 | 2; 0 | 2; 0 | 1; 0 | 2; 1 | 12 ;1 | 0; 1 | 0; 1 | 0; 1 | 19; 5 | ||||||
C4 | 1; 0 | 1; 1 | 1; 0 | 1; 0 | 1; 0 | 1; 2 | 0; 1 | 0; 1 | 2; 0 | 1; 1 | 9; 6 | ||||
C5 | 1; 1 | 2; 0 | 2; 0 | 5; 0 | 3; 2 | 0; 1 | 13; 4 | ||||||||
C6 | 1; 0 | 1; 0 | 2; 0 | 2; 1 | 2; 0 | 3; 1 | 1; 0 | 12; 2 | |||||||
C7 | 2; 0 | 2; 0 | 2; 3 | 4; 0 | 5; 1 | 15; 4 | |||||||||
C8 | 1; 1 | 1; 0 | 1; 0 | 1; 0 | 2; 1 | 0; 1 | 6; 2 | ||||||||
Total | 20; 4 | 13; 7 | 18; 3 | 8; 2 | 17; 5 | 17; 8 | 17; 3 | 6; 3 | 15; 18 | 10; 14 | 24; 38 | 14; 22 | 3; 7 | 7; 11 | 188; 144 |
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Lin, C.-S.; Jeng, M.-Y.; Yeh, T.-M. The Elderly Perceived Meanings and Values of Virtual Reality Leisure Activities: A Means-End Chain Approach. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040663
Lin C-S, Jeng M-Y, Yeh T-M. The Elderly Perceived Meanings and Values of Virtual Reality Leisure Activities: A Means-End Chain Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(4):663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040663
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Cheng-Shih, Mei-Yuan Jeng, and Tsu-Ming Yeh. 2018. "The Elderly Perceived Meanings and Values of Virtual Reality Leisure Activities: A Means-End Chain Approach" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 4: 663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040663