Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration

Muller, Ashley Elizabeth; Havnes, Ingrid Amalia; Rognli, Eline Borger; Bukten, Anne

doi:10.3390/ijerph15122663

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Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration

Ashley Elizabeth Muller

^1,2,*

Ingrid Amalia Havnes

³,

Eline Borger Rognli

⁴ and

Anne Bukten

^1,2,5,6

Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Pb 1039 Blindern, 0135 Blindern, Norway

Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway

National Advisory Unit on Substance Use Disorder Treatment, Oslo University Hospital, Pb 4959 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway

⁴

Section for Clinical Substance Use and Addiction Research, Oslo University Hospital, Pb 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway

⁵

The University College of Norwegian Correctional Service, 2000 Lillestrøm, Norway

⁶

Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(12), 2663; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122663

Received: 16 October 2018 / Revised: 22 November 2018 / Accepted: 23 November 2018 / Published: 27 November 2018

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Substance Abuse, Environment and Public Health)

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Abstract

Exercise is increasingly understood as an important resource for people who engage in harmful substance use, including those in prison. Little is known about how inmates adopt various health behaviors during incarceration, without interventions. This cross-sectional study analyzed self-reports from 1464 inmates in Norwegian prisons in 2013–2014, compared them according to harmful substance use pre-incarceration, and explored changes in exercise and nicotine use during incarceration. Results were presented in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Inmates with harmful substance use reported higher rates of smoking, smokeless tobacco, and physical inactivity pre-incarceration than inmates without harmful use. However, inmates with harmful use also exhibited more behavioral changes: they adopted exercise, ceased smoking, and adopted smokeless tobacco at higher rates during incarceration than the non-harmful group, to the extent that inmates with harmful use exercised during incarceration more. Exercise is being taken up by a significant proportion of inmates, and may in particular be a replacement behavior for substance use. However, unhealthy behaviors also begin or are maintained. If prisons were used as an arena to facilitate healthy behaviors, the public health benefits to a marginalized group such as substance-using inmates could be substantial. View Full-Text

Keywords: exercise; cigarette; smokeless tobacco; substance use; health behavior

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MDPI and ACS Style

Muller, A.E.; Havnes, I.A.; Rognli, E.B.; Bukten, A. Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122663

AMA Style

Muller AE, Havnes IA, Rognli EB, Bukten A. Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(12):2663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122663

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muller, Ashley E., Ingrid A. Havnes, Eline B. Rognli, and Anne Bukten. 2018. "Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12: 2663. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122663

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Inmates with Harmful Substance Use Increase Both Exercise and Nicotine Use Under Incarceration

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