Physical Activity Programming Advertised on Websites of U.S. Islamic Centers: A Content Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Method
2.1. Sample Derivation
2.2. Data Extraction
2.3. Data Classification
- (1)
- Camps included summer, weekend, and specialty camps open to families, adults, or youth.
- (2)
- Fitness classes included regularly meeting martial arts, exercise or fitness, or non-sport, classes open to families, adults, or youth.
- (3)
- Sports programs included regularly meeting practices, games, and leagues for individual, dual, and team sports open to adults or youth.
- (4)
- Youth group programs included those found on youth group pages or distinguished as intended for youth.
- (5)
- Irregular programs included those that were offered once (i.e., special event), infrequently/irregularly, or intermittently and open to families, adults, or youth.
2.4. Variable Derivation
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Overview
3.2. Camps
3.3. Fitness Classes
3.4. Sports Programs
3.5. Youth Group Activities
3.6. Irregular Programs
4. Discussion
Specific Recommendations
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Specific Physical Activities and Frequencies by Program Category for Activities with Frequency < 5.
Category | Activities |
Camp | Ropes (4); biking, football, horseback riding, physical activities and fitness, tennis (all 3); baseball, karate, tug of war (all 2); badminton, bowling, challenge course, gymnastics, human foosball, log rolling, open gym, outdoor play, paintball, relays, running, skateboarding, skating, table tennis, taekwondo, team building games, trampoline, water skiing, wrestling, Zumba (all 1) |
Fitness | Kickboxing, self-defense (4 each); jiu jitsu, judo, mixed martial arts (3 each); aerobics, movement activities, sports, swimming, zumba (2 each); aikido, crossfit, tai chi (1 each) |
Sport | Football (4); open gym, sports (3 each); baseball, tennis, wrestling (2 each); archery, bowling, fencing, golf, pickleball (1 each) |
Youth | Football, volleyball (4 each); horseback riding, skiing (3 each); archery, ice skating, multievent, table tennis, swimming, whitewater rafting (2 each); biking, bocce, climbing, cricket, dance, karate, self-defense, skating, snow tubing, tennis, walking (1 each) |
Irregular | Badminton, cricket (4 each); bounce house, hiking, self-defense, swimming, table tennis, tennis (3 each), biking, folkdance, Frisbee, horseback riding, obstacle course, skiing, volleyball, yoga (2 each); baseball, bowling, golf, horseshoes, ice skating, karate, laser tag, physical activities, tug of war, wrestling (1 each) |
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Category | Centers with Data (n) | Cumulative Camps (n) | Freq (%) | Min | Max | Med | IQR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Activities | 51 | 56 a | 1.0 | 12.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | |
Sports b | 23 (14.2) | ||||||
Soccer | 16 (9.9) | ||||||
Swimming | 15 (9.2) | ||||||
Hiking | 14 (8.6) | ||||||
Basketball | 13 (8.0) | ||||||
Canoeing/Kayaking | 12 (7.4) | ||||||
Archery | 9 (5.6) | ||||||
Climbing | 5 (3.1) | ||||||
Cricket | 5 (3.1) | ||||||
Volleyball | 5 (3.1) | ||||||
Other activities c | 45 (27.8) | ||||||
Camp length (day) | 41 | 47 | 2.0 | 54.0 | 8.0 | 16.0 | |
Camp participants | 51 | 58 | |||||
Men only | 7 (12.1) | ||||||
Women only | 5 (8.6) | ||||||
Other d | 46 (79.3) |
Category | Centers with Data (n) | Cumulative Classes (n) | Freq (%) | Min | Max | Med | IQR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Activities | 53 | 73 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | |
Karate | 13 (17.6) | ||||||
Taekwondo | 10 (13.5) | ||||||
Fitness a | 9 (12.2) | ||||||
Pilates/Yoga | 7 (9.5) | ||||||
Martial arts b | 5 (6.8) | ||||||
Other activities c | 30 (40.5) | ||||||
Class duration (min/class) | 35 | 54 | 30.0 | 491.0 | 60.0 | 60.0 | |
Class frequency (class/wk) | 43 | 61 | 0.25 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Volume (min/wk) | 53 | 57 | 30.0 | 3435.0 | 120.0 | 120.0 | |
Class instructor sex | 27 | 41 | |||||
Male | 27 (65.9) | ||||||
Female | 14 (34.1) | ||||||
Class instructor religion | 24 | 33 | |||||
Muslim | 30 (90.9) | ||||||
Non-Muslim | 3 (9.1) | ||||||
Class participants | 53 | 88 | |||||
Women only | 33 (37.5) | ||||||
Men only | 17 (19.3) | ||||||
Other d | 38 (43.2) |
Category | Centers with Data (n) | Cumulative Programs (n) | Freq (%) | Min | Max | Med | IQR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Programs | 47 | 100 | 1.0 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | |
Soccer | 27 (27.0) | ||||||
Basketball | 23 (23.0) | ||||||
Badminton | 11 (11.0) | ||||||
Volleyball | 8 (8.0) | ||||||
Cricket | 5 (5.0) | ||||||
Table tennis | 5 (5.0) | ||||||
Other activities a | 21 (21.0) | ||||||
Practice/game duration (min/session) | 26 | 61 | 30.0 | 240.0 | 120.0 | 60.0 | |
Practice/game frequency (session/wk) | 33 | 79 | 0.25 | 4.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Volume (min/wk) | 24 | 57 | 40.0 | 720.0 | 180.0 | 120.0 | |
Sport coach sex | 7 | 9 | |||||
Male | 8 (88.9) | ||||||
Female | 1 (11.1) | ||||||
Sport coach religion | 7 | 9 | |||||
Muslim | 8 (88.9) | ||||||
Non-Muslim | 1 (11.1) | ||||||
Program participants | 47 | 151 | |||||
Men only | 53 (35.1) | ||||||
Women only | 29 (19.2) | ||||||
Other b | 69 (45.7) |
Category | Centers with Data (n) | Cumulative Activities (n) | Freq (%) | Min | Max | Med | IQR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Programs | 90 | 141 | 1.0 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 | |
Sports/athletics a | 25 (17.7) | ||||||
Hiking | 24 (17.0) | ||||||
Basketball | 19 (13.5) | ||||||
Bowling | 12 (8.5) | ||||||
Laser tag/mini-golf/paintball | 12 (8.5) | ||||||
Soccer | 7 (5.0) | ||||||
Canoeing/kayaking | 5 (3.5) | ||||||
Other activities a | 37 (26.2) | ||||||
Program participants | 90 | 147 | |||||
Men only | 36 (24.5) | ||||||
Women only | 26 (17.7) | ||||||
Other c | 85 (47.8) |
Category | Centers with Data (n) | Cumulative Programs (n) | Freq (%) | Min | Max | Med | IQR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Programs | 73 | 122 | 1.0 | 8.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Soccer | 19 (15.6) | ||||||
Basketball | 18 (14.8) | ||||||
Sports/athletics a | 17 (13.9) | ||||||
Run/walk | 10 (8.2) | ||||||
Football | 6 (4.9) | ||||||
Other activities b | 52 (42.6) | ||||||
Context (offerings/center) | 73 | 84 | |||||
General | 27 (32.1) | ||||||
Specific | 57 (67.9) | ||||||
Eid/Ramadan | 17 (29.8) | ||||||
Tournament | 15 (26.3) | ||||||
Community run/race walk | 11 (19.3) | ||||||
Other contexts c | |||||||
Program participants | 73 | 147 | |||||
Men only | 36 (24.5) | ||||||
Women only | 26 (17.7) | ||||||
Other d | 85 (47.8) |
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Share and Cite
Kahan, D. Physical Activity Programming Advertised on Websites of U.S. Islamic Centers: A Content Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112581
Kahan D. Physical Activity Programming Advertised on Websites of U.S. Islamic Centers: A Content Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(11):2581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112581
Chicago/Turabian StyleKahan, David. 2018. "Physical Activity Programming Advertised on Websites of U.S. Islamic Centers: A Content Analysis" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11: 2581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112581
APA StyleKahan, D. (2018). Physical Activity Programming Advertised on Websites of U.S. Islamic Centers: A Content Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112581