Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Particulate Phosphorus and Their Correlation with Environmental Factors in a Shallow Eutrophic Chinese Lake (Lake Taihu)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. Study Area and Sample Collection
2.2. Sample Pretreatment and Preparation
2.3. Physical and Chemical Index Analysis
2.4. Molecular PP Analysis by 31P NMR
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics of Overlying Water
3.2. The Composition and Variation Characteristics of PP
3.2.1. The Spatial and Temporal Distribution of PP, POP and PIP
3.2.2. Molecular Species of PP Measured by 31P NMR
3.3. Temporal Variations in the Relationships among PP Species Concentration and Associated Water Environmental Factors
4. Discussion
4.1. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of PP and Its Environmental Influencing Factors
4.2. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Molecular Species of PP
4.3. Potential Contribution of Various PP Species to Lake Eutrophication
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Sites | SD (m) | DO (mg/L) | pH | SPM (mg/L) | POM/SPM (%) | POM (mg/L) | TP (mg/L) | SRP (mg/L) | Chl a (μg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phytoplankton-dominated zone | 0.41 ± 0.16 | 9.84 ± 2.33 | 8.58 ± 0.18 | 36.73 ± 30.68 | 47.30 ± 57.15 | 17.46 ± 17.48 | 0.11 ± 0.05 | 0.014 ± 0.010 | 52.13 ± 80.45 |
Estuary zone | 0.35 ± 0.12 | 9.33 ± 2.26 | 8.35 ± 0.25 | 55.25 ± 34.22 | 18.34 ± 10.59 | 10.13 ± 3.62 | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 0.076 ± 0.02 | 19.25 ± 10.91 |
Lake center zone | 0.24 ± 0.08 | 6.90 ± 3.58 | 8.04 ± 0.31 | 53.97 ± 30.26 | 22.48 ± 15.18 | 12.13 ± 4.59 | 0.13 ± 0.08 | 0.019 ± 0.024 | 39.53 ± 44.56 |
Macrophyte-dominated zone | 0.69 ± 0.42 | 9.60 ± 2.32 | 8.25 ± 0.37 | 52.24 ± 79.70 | 13.68 ± 8.29 | 7.15 ± 6.61 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.004 ± 0.002 | 9.84 ± 4.90 |
Parameters | SD | DO | pH | SPM | POM | TP | Chl a | PP | POP | PIP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SD | 1.000 | 0.315 * | 0.344 ** | 0.173 | −0.046 | −0.350 ** | −0.217 | −0.176 | −0.175 | −0.102 |
DO | 1.000 | 0.701 ** | 0.237 | 0.276 * | −0.155 | −0.035 | 0.056 | 0.034 | 0.219 | |
pH | 1.000 | 0.175 | 0.264 * | 0.121 | −0.029 | 0.294 * | 0.295 * | 0.134 | ||
SPM | 1.000 | 0.522 ** | 0.281 * | 0.179 | 0.290 * | 0.277 * | 0.260 | |||
POM | 1.000 | 0.298 * | 0.731 ** | 0.614 ** | 0.550 ** | 0.853 ** | ||||
TP | 1.000 | 0.377 ** | 0.689 ** | 0.707 ** | 0.186 | |||||
Chl a | 1.000 | 0.50 8 ** | 0.243 | 0.816 ** | ||||||
PP | 1.000 | 0.995 ** | 0.530 ** | |||||||
POP | 1.000 | 0.445 ** | ||||||||
PIP | 1.000 |
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Kong, M.; Chao, J.; Zhuang, W.; Wang, P.; Wang, C.; Hou, J.; Wu, Z.; Wang, L.; Gao, G.; Wang, Y. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Particulate Phosphorus and Their Correlation with Environmental Factors in a Shallow Eutrophic Chinese Lake (Lake Taihu). Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 2355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112355
Kong M, Chao J, Zhuang W, Wang P, Wang C, Hou J, Wu Z, Wang L, Gao G, Wang Y. Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Particulate Phosphorus and Their Correlation with Environmental Factors in a Shallow Eutrophic Chinese Lake (Lake Taihu). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(11):2355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112355
Chicago/Turabian StyleKong, Ming, Jianying Chao, Wei Zhuang, Peifang Wang, Chao Wang, Jun Hou, Zhaoshi Wu, Longmian Wang, Guang Gao, and Yu Wang. 2018. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Particulate Phosphorus and Their Correlation with Environmental Factors in a Shallow Eutrophic Chinese Lake (Lake Taihu)" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11: 2355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112355