Covariates of Identified Stress and Depression among Seasonal Farmworkers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Data Analysis Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Age | n (%) |
---|---|
18–26 y/o | 24 (16) |
27–34 y/o | 34 (22.7) |
35–42 y/o | 40 (26.6) |
43–50 y/o | 24 (16) |
51–60 y/o | 20 (13.4) |
61 and older | 8 (5.3) |
Gender | |
Female | 83 (55.3) |
Male | 67 (44.7) |
Nationality | |
USA (US & Puerto Rico) | 8 (5) |
South American (Columbia, Uruguay, Venezuela) | 13 (9) |
Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, Panama, San Salvador) | 12 (8) |
Mexico | 110 (73) |
Years of Residency | |
Less than 1 year | 6 (4) |
1–3 years | 6 (4) |
4–10 years | 52 (34.7) |
11–20 years | 60 (40) |
21+ years | 25 (16.6) |
Marital Status | |
Single | 38 (25.3) |
Free-union | 36 (24) |
Married | 65 (43.3) |
Divorced | 3 (2) |
Separated | 2 (1.3) |
Widowed | 3 (2) |
Education | |
No formal education | 9 (6) |
Elementary School | 50 (33.3) |
Junior High School | 49 (32.7) |
High School/GED | 24 (16) |
College (2 year/4 year) | 9 (6) |
Graduate or Professional | 7 (4.7) |
Health Insurance Coverage | |
Yes | 30 (20) |
No | 117 (78) |
Current Job | |
Agricultural Work (plant farms, field crop, livestock work, etc.) | 51 (34) |
Packing/canning (meat, fruit vegetables) | 3 (2) |
Logging/forestry | 2 (1.3) |
Hotel, motel, or restaurant | 17 (11.3) |
Retail (stores, shops) | 10 (6.7) |
Services (health care, social services) | 7 (4.7) |
Housekeeping | 13 (8.7) |
Government Office | 2 (1.3) |
Construction | 20 (13.3) |
Education | 2 (1.3) |
Average Monthly Salary | |
Less than $500 | 23 (15.3) |
$500–$700 | 46 (30.7) |
$701–$1000 | 47 (31.3) |
More than $1000 | 27 (18) |
Problems Obtaining Health Care | |
Yes | 45 (30.2) |
No | 102 (68.5) |
Identified Problems Assessing Health Care (Yes responses) | |
Lack of time | 13 (8.7) |
Language barriers | 10 (6.7) |
No medical insurance | 25 (16.8) |
Transportation | 9 (6) |
Money | 33 (22.1) |
Lack of documentation | 8 (5.4) |
Child care | 1 (0.07) |
Variables | LS | HS | χ2 (df) | Sig. | LD | HD | χ2 (df) | Sig. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male (41.3%) | Male (9.3%) | 2.96 (1) | 0.085 | Male (40.7%) | Male (4%) | 0.681 (1) | 0.409 |
Female (46%) | Female (3.3%) | Female (48%) | Female (7.3%) | |||||
Marital status | Single (22%) | Single (1.3%) | 4.35 (2) | 0.63 | Single (24%) | Single (1.3%) | 9.55 (3) | 0.145 |
Free union (21.3%) | Free union (5.3%) | Free union (19.3%) | Free union (5.3%) | |||||
Married (40%) | Married (3.3%) | Married (40%) | Married (3.3%) | |||||
Divorced (1.3%) | Divorced (0.6%) | Divorced (1.3%) | Divorced (0.6%) | |||||
Separated (1.3%) | Separated (0.6%) | Separated (1.3%) | Separated (0.6%) | |||||
Widowed (2%) | Widowed (0%) | Widowed (0.6%) | Widowed (0%) | |||||
Education level | None (6.7%) | None (0.6%) | 4.53 (3) | 0.605 | None (6%) | None (1.3%) | 6.86 (3) | 0.334 |
Elementary (27.3%) | Elementary (6%) | Elementary (27.3%) | Elementary (6%) | |||||
Junior High (29.3%) | Junior High (3.3%) | Junior High (29.3%) | Junior High (3.3%) | |||||
High School (42.7%) | High School (2.7%) | High School (15.3%) | High School (0.6%) | |||||
College (6%) | College (0%) | College (6%) | College (0%) | |||||
Graduate (4.6%) | Graduate (0%) | Graduate (4.7%) | Graduate (0%) | |||||
Years of residency | >1 year (2%) | >1 year (0.6%) | 11.3 (4) | 0.186 | >1 year (2%) | >1 year (0.6%) | 6.56 (4) | 0.584 |
1–3 years (4.7%) | 1–3 years (1.3%) | 1–3 years (6%) | 1–3 years (0%) | |||||
4–6 years (14.7%) | 4–6 years (0.6%) | 4–6 years (14%) | 4–6 years (1.3%) | |||||
7–10 years (14%) | 7–10 years (5.3%) | 7–10 years (17.3%) | 7–10 years (2%) | |||||
11–15 years (21.3%) | 11–15 years (1.3%) | 11–15 years (18.7%) | 11–15 years (4%) | |||||
16–20 years (15.3%) | 16–20 years (2%) | 16–20 years (15.3%) | 16–20 years (2%) | |||||
21–30 years (8.7%) | 21–30 years (0.6%) | 21–30 years (9.3%) | 21–30 years (0%) | |||||
30+ years (6.7%) | 30+ years (0.6%) | 30+ years (6%) | 30+ years (1.3%) | |||||
Health insurance | No (66%) | No (12.7%) | 5.90 (2) | 0.050 * | No (68.7%) | No (11.3%) | 5.19 (2) | 0.074 |
Yes (21.3%) | Yes (0%) | Yes (20%) | Yes (0%) | |||||
Lack of Time | No (78.7%) | No (12.7%) | 2.24 (2) | 0.326 | No (80.7%) | No (10.7%) | 0.89 2(2) | 0.64 |
Yes (8.7%) | Yes (0%) | Yes (8%) | Yes (0.6%) | |||||
Language barriers | No (82%) | No (10.7%) | 2.63 (2) | 0.269 | No (83.3%) | No (9.3%) | 3.53 (2) | 0.172 |
Yes (5.3%) | Yes (2%) | Yes (5.3%) | Yes (2%) | |||||
Lack of transportation | No (82%) | No (12%) | 0.266 (2) | 0.875 | No (84%) | No (10%) | 1.71 (2) | 0.425 |
Yes (5.3%) | Yes (0.6%) | Yes (4.7%) | Yes (1.3%) | |||||
Money issues | No (67.3%) | No (10%) | 0.268 (2) | 0.874 | No (69.3%) | No (8%) | 1.05 (2) | 0.59 |
Yes (20%) | Yes (2.7%) | Yes (19.3%) | Yes (3.3%) | |||||
Child care issues | No (86.7%) | No (12.7%) | 0.392 (2) | 0.822 | No (88.7%) | No (10.7%) | 8.47 (2) | 0.14 |
Yes (0.6%) | Yes (0%) | Yes (0%) | Yes (0%) | |||||
Document-ation issues | No (84%) | No (9.3%) | 9.151 (2) | 0.01 ** | No (84.7%) | No (9.3%) | 5.12 (2) | 0.077 |
Yes (3.3%) | Yes (2.7%) | Yes (4%) | Yes (2%) |
Exp (B) | 95% CI | df | Sig. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Depression | |||||
Block 1 | Age 1 | 0.995 | 0.935, 1.059 | 1 | 0.878 |
Marital status 2 | 0.879 | 0.512, 1.511 | 1 | 0.641 | |
Education level 3 | 1.497 | 0.633, 3.540 | 1 | 0.359 | |
Years of residency 4 | 0.734 | 0.477, 1.130 | 1 | 0.106 | |
Block 2 | Health insurance 5 | 1.834 | 0.834, 2.458 | 1 | * 0.025 |
Lack of Time 6 | 0.726 | 0.122, 4.321 | 1 | 0.725 | |
Language barriers 7 | 0.500 | 0.36, 6.857 | 1 | 0.604 | |
Lack of transportation 8 | 0.531 | 0.119, 2.361 | 1 | 0.406 | |
Money issues 9 | 0.335 | 0.066, 1.707 | 1 | 0.188 | |
Child care issues 10 | 0.148 | 0.028, 0.771 | 1 | 0.123 | |
Documentation issues 11 | 0.188 | 0.335, 0.066 | 1 | 0.189 | |
Stress 12 | 7.321 | 1.689, 31.729 | 1 | * 0.008 |
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Share and Cite
Chaney, B.H.; Torres, E. Covariates of Identified Stress and Depression among Seasonal Farmworkers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070711
Chaney BH, Torres E. Covariates of Identified Stress and Depression among Seasonal Farmworkers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(7):711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070711
Chicago/Turabian StyleChaney, Beth H., and Essie Torres. 2017. "Covariates of Identified Stress and Depression among Seasonal Farmworkers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070711