Gender Differences of Arterial Stiffness and Arterial Age in Smokers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Significant Differences
3.2. Correlations
3.3. Logistic Regression Analysis
3.4. Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Male Smokers (Means ± SD) (n = 71) | Female Smokers (Means ± SD) (n = 76) | Wilcoxon Test (p) | ANOVA (p) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 38 ± 17 | 36 ± 13 | 2816 (0.64) | 0.96 (0.32) |
HR (beats/minute) | 68.04 ± 9.48 | 75.25 ± 11.60 | 1758 (0.0002) | 16.86 (0.00006) |
SPY (pack year) | 12.36 ± 13.15 | 6.43 ± 8.81 | 3503 (0.001) | 10.44 (0.001) |
Daily cigarette consumption | 17 ± 9 | 11 ± 6 | 3716 (<0.01) | 20.91 (<0.01) |
Smoking period (years) | 12.49 ± 9.79 | 9.18 ± 7.45 | 3265 (0.02) | 5.35 (0.02) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.2 ± 5.29 | 24.55 ± 7.11 | 3594 (0.0005) | 6.49 (0.01) |
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 129 ± 17 | 119 ± 13 | 3827 (<0.01) | 19.10 (<0.01) |
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 77 ± 12 | 67 ± 8 | 4146 (<0.01) | 34.95 (<0.01) |
PWV (m/s) | 9.47 ± 6.69 m/s | 8.48 ± 2.26 | 2825 (0.62) | 1.47 (0.22) |
Arterial age (years) | 42.19 ± 16.17 | 40.19 ± 18.21 | 2886 (0.46) | 0.49 (0.48) |
AixBrach (%) | −43.77 ± 25.85 | −34.27 ± 30.79 | 2195.5 (0.05) | 4.07 (0.05) |
AixBrach 75% (%) | −47.62 ± 24.94 | −33.79 ± 28.54 | 1816 (0.0006) | 9.73 (0.002) |
SBPAo (mmHg) | 119 ± 17 | 112 ± 15 | 3485 (0.002) | 7.16 (0.008) |
AixAo (%) | 15.44 ± 13.09 | 17.81 ± 24.22 | 2227.5 (0.06) | 0.53 (0.47) |
AixAo 75% (%) | 11.56 ± 12.72 | 18.88 ± 22.36 | 1515 (<0.01) | 5.83 (0.02) |
Correlations of SPY with | Correlations of SPY in Male Smokers (r, p) | Correlations of SPY in Female Smokers (r, p) | Probability |
---|---|---|---|
AixBrach | 0.51 (<0.001) | 0.06 (0.59) | 0.001 |
SBPAo | 0.24 (0.03) | 0.26 (0.02) | 0.44 |
AixAo | 0.51 (<0.01) | −0.28 (0.01) | <0.01 |
PWV | 0.11 (0.35) | 0.51 (<0.01) | 0.003 |
AA | 0.68 (<0.01) | 0.35 (0.001) | 0.003 |
Sex | Outcome | p | Hosmer–Lemershow Goodness of Fit | Beta | OR | 95% CI | Nagelkerke R-Square |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | AixBrach ˃ 10% | <0.01 | 0.558 ˃ 0.5 | 0.09 | 1.09 | 1.021–1.173 | 0.284 |
PWV ˃ 9.7 m/s | <0.01 | 0.324 < 0.5 | 0.14 | 1.15 | 1.078–1.244 | 0.562 | |
Female | AixBrach ˃ 10% | <0.01 | 0.02 < 0.5 | 0.01 | 1.01 | 0.951–1.090 | 0.882 |
PWV ˃ 9.7 m/s | <0.01 | 0.040 < 0.5 | 0.32 | 1.37 | 1.13–1.66 | 0.470 |
Gender of Smokers | Test Variable | State Variable | AUC (95%CI) | p | Cut-Off Value for SPY | Sensitivity | Specificity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female smokers | SPY | AixBrach ˃ 10% | 0.8 (0.702–0.898) | 0.04 | 7.5 | 82.1% | 66.7% |
SPY | SBPAo ˃ 130 mmHg | 0.856 (0.763–0.949) | <0.01 | 9 | 87.7% | 63.6% | |
SPY | PWV ˃ 9.7 m/s | 0.886 (0.805–0.967) | <0.01 | 7.5 | 92.9% | 70% | |
Male smokers | SPY | AixBrach ˃ 10% | 0.858 (0.695–1) | 0.017 | 18.5 | 74.6% | 75% |
SPY | PWV ˃ 9.7 m/s | 0.93 (0.871–0.989) | 0.01 | 18.5 | 93% | 85.7% |
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Mozos, I.; Maidana, J.P.; Stoian, D.; Stehlik, M. Gender Differences of Arterial Stiffness and Arterial Age in Smokers. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 565. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060565
Mozos I, Maidana JP, Stoian D, Stehlik M. Gender Differences of Arterial Stiffness and Arterial Age in Smokers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(6):565. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060565
Chicago/Turabian StyleMozos, Ioana, Jean Paul Maidana, Dana Stoian, and Milan Stehlik. 2017. "Gender Differences of Arterial Stiffness and Arterial Age in Smokers" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 6: 565. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14060565