Lunch Salad Bars in New Orleans’ Middle and High Schools: Student Intake of Fruit and Vegetables
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | SB Schools | No SB Schools | All Schools |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
447 (67.3) 1 | 271 (50.1) | 718 (100) | |
Gender | |||
Female | 287 (64.2) | 174 (64.4) | 461 (64.1) |
Male | 160 (35.8) | 96 (35.6) | 256 (35.7) |
Race/ethnicity | |||
Black | 383 (86.7) | 244 (91.0) | 627 (88.3) |
Other races | 59 (13.3) | 24 (9.0) | 83 (11.7) |
Grade level 1 | |||
7 | 123 (27.5) | 106 (39.1) | 229 (31.9) |
8 | 157 (35.1) | 116 (42.8) | 273 (38.0) |
High School | 167 (37.4) | 49 (18.1) | 216 (30.1) |
9 | 33 (7.4) | 19 (7.0) | 52 (7.2) |
10 | 34 (7.6) | 7 (2.6) | 41 (5.7) |
11 | 36 (8.1) | 11 (4.1) | 47 (6.6) |
12 | 64 (14.3) | 12 (4.4) | 76 (10.6) |
Mean (standard deviation) | |||
Age (years) | 14.70 2 (1.93) | 14.00 (1.55) | 14.42 (1.83) |
Food Groups | Students in All Schools n = 611 | Students in Schools with Salad Bars n = 379 | Students in Schools without Salad Bars n = 232 | p 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | ||
Total fruit (n) | 524 | 308 | 216 | |
cup | 0.17 (0.64) | 0.06 (0.48) | 0.25 (0.80) | 0.0061 |
% from lunch | 17.6 (63.7) | 7.0 (62.2) | 30.5 (67.7) | 0.0357 |
Total vegetable (n) | 589 | 362 | 227 | |
cup | 0.25 (0.68) | 0.32 (0.73) | 0.23 (0.55) | 0.6690 |
% from lunch | 25.0 (56.8) | 26.8 (65.1) | 22.1 (49.5) | 0.4686 |
Total grain (n) | 610 | 378 | 232 | |
oz | 1.24 (1.50) | 1.38 (1.75) | 0.98 (1.51) | 0.1267 |
% from lunch | 22.6 (29.5) | 24.4 (32.6) | 18.5 (25.3) | 0.1037 |
Total dairy (n) | 582 | 361 | 221 | |
cup | 0.45 (0.99) | 0.50 (0.97) | 0.30 (1.00) | 0.0737 |
% from lunch | 31.7 (58.1) | 36.1 (59.7) | 26.6 (51.7) | 0.0628 |
Total protein (n) | 578 | 357 | 221 | |
oz | 0.95 (1.92) | 0.99 (1.98) | 0.81 (1.49) | 0.8805 |
% from lunch | 24.2 (53.1) | 22.9 (52.4) | 26.4 (47.7) | 0.9576 |
Energy consumed (n) | 611 | 379 | 232 | |
kcal | 432 (340) | 452 (319) | 395 (358) | 0.0136 |
% from lunch | 23.9 (18.8) | 25.7 (19.5) | 20.8 (17.3) | 0.0510 |
% Students not eating lunch | 15.9 | 15.7 | 16.2 | 0.8572 |
Food Source | Schools with Salad Bars | Schools without Salad Bars | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 323 | n = 213 | |||
n (%) | Median 1 (IQR) | n (%) | Median 1 (IQR) | |
Cafeteria main line | 145 (45) | 0.50 (0.74) | 155 (73) | 0.76 (0.90) |
Cafeteria a la carte line | 4 (1) | 1.10 (0.40) | 5 (2) | 0.64 (0.21) |
Cafeteria salad bar | 19 (6) | 0.56 (0.64) | - | - |
School, not in cafeteria | 15 (5) | 0.23 (0.38) | 1 (<1) | 0.15 (0) |
Home, friends or family | 31 (10) | 0.42 (0.68) | 13 (6) | 0.44 (0.96) |
Food stores and restaurants | 29 (9) | 0.60 (0.59) | 19 (9) | 0.75 (0.91) |
Multiple sources | 80 (24) | 0.99 (1.08) | 20 (9) | 1.10 (0.90) |
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Johnson, C.C.; Myers, L.; Mundorf, A.R.; O’Malley, K.; Spruance, L.A.; Harris, D.M. Lunch Salad Bars in New Orleans’ Middle and High Schools: Student Intake of Fruit and Vegetables. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040415
Johnson CC, Myers L, Mundorf AR, O’Malley K, Spruance LA, Harris DM. Lunch Salad Bars in New Orleans’ Middle and High Schools: Student Intake of Fruit and Vegetables. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14(4):415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040415
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohnson, Carolyn C., Leann Myers, Adrienne R. Mundorf, Keelia O’Malley, Lori Andersen Spruance, and Diane M. Harris. 2017. "Lunch Salad Bars in New Orleans’ Middle and High Schools: Student Intake of Fruit and Vegetables" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 4: 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040415
APA StyleJohnson, C. C., Myers, L., Mundorf, A. R., O’Malley, K., Spruance, L. A., & Harris, D. M. (2017). Lunch Salad Bars in New Orleans’ Middle and High Schools: Student Intake of Fruit and Vegetables. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(4), 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040415