Effect of Nano-Al2O3 on the Toxicity and Oxidative Stress of Copper towards Scenedesmus obliquus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Test Medium
2.3. Preparation of Exposure Solution and Its Characterization
2.4. Adsorption of Copper onto Nano-Al2O3
2.5. Toxicity Test
- % Iy: growth inhibition;
- YC: mean value of cell number in the control group; and
- YT: value of cell number for the treatment replicate.
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Interaction of Copper and Nano-Al2O3
3.2. Influence of Nano-Al2O3 on the Toxicity of Copper
3.3. Accumulation of Copper in S. obliquus
3.4. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense
3.5. Mechanism of Reduced Copper Toxicity by Nano-Al2O3
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component | Concentration (mg/L) | Component | Concentration (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|
NaNO3 | 1500 | K2HPO4 | 40 |
CaCl2·2H2O | 36 | MgSO4·7H2O | 75 |
C6H10FeNO8 | 6 | Na2CO3 | 20 |
C6H8O7 | 6 |
Concentration of Nano-Al2O3 (mg/L) | Concentration of Copper (mg/L) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
1.0 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Concentration of Nano-Al2O3 (mg/L) | Concentration of Copper (mg/L) | Time (h) | MHD (nm) | PdI | Zeta Potential (mV) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0 | 0 | 0 | 439.3 ± 4.9 | 0.223 − 0.332 | −20.5 ± 0.7 |
24 | 540.4 ± 22.4 | 0.247 − 0.270 | −17.7 ± 0.5 | ||
48 | 1648.3 ± 122.3 | 0.180 − 0.222 | −19.9 ± 1.2 | ||
72 | 1860.0 ± 32.7 | 0.267 − 0.338 | −20.6 ± 1.8 | ||
0.05 | 0 | 327.1 ± 7.5 | 0.224 − 0.255 | −19.8 ± 1.1 | |
24 | 501.3 ± 6.8 | 0.226 − 0.245 | −18.6 ± 1.2 | ||
48 | 1478.2 ± 120.6 | 0.322 − 0.376 | −17.7 ± 0.7 | ||
72 | 1720.1 ± 74.9 | 0.326 − 0.331 | −20.8 ± 2.2 | ||
0.5 | 0 | 336.5 ± 4.1 | 0.210 − 0.270 | −20.1 ± 2.3 | |
24 | 338.9 ± 4.5 | 0.275 − 0.336 | −19.4 ± 1.8 | ||
48 | 1530.3 ± 161.7 | 0.241 − 0.250 | −18.8 ± 0.7 | ||
72 | 1781.4 ± 97.5 | 0.242 − 0.367 | −20.6 ± 1.4 |
Concentration of Nano-Al2O3 (mg/L) | Concentration of Copper (mg/L) | 24 (h) | 48 (h) | 72 (h) | Accumulated Copper (ng/mg) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 35.47 ± 0.37 |
0.01 | −13.67 | −0.96 | 10.05 | 40.83 ± 0.42 | |
0.05 | −4.02 | 0.97 | 10.96 | 59.54 ± 0.01 | |
0.1 | −6.23 | 7.23 | 17.35 | 81.67 ± 1.33 | |
0.2 | −1.61 | 13.98 | 23.29 | 159.83 ± 2.02 | |
0.5 | −2.41 | 23.63 | 33.33 | 596.04 ± 8.36 | |
1.0 | 0 | −16.88 | −0.48 | 0.91 | 40.21 ± 0.21 |
0.01 | −16.87 | −2.89 | 0.01 | 37.42 ± 0.01 | |
0.05 | −9.64 | 4.34 | 10.95 | 55.68 ± 1.39 | |
0.1 | −7.48 | 5.15 | 10.50 | 81.29 ± 2.16 | |
0.2 | −9.64 | 5.79 | 10.96 | 138.62 ± 1.58 | |
0.5 | −6.43 | 6.27 | 23.29 | 458.21 ± 11.09 |
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Li, X.; Zhou, S.; Fan, W. Effect of Nano-Al2O3 on the Toxicity and Oxidative Stress of Copper towards Scenedesmus obliquus. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060575
Li X, Zhou S, Fan W. Effect of Nano-Al2O3 on the Toxicity and Oxidative Stress of Copper towards Scenedesmus obliquus. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(6):575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060575
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Xiaomin, Suyang Zhou, and Wenhong Fan. 2016. "Effect of Nano-Al2O3 on the Toxicity and Oxidative Stress of Copper towards Scenedesmus obliquus" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 6: 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13060575