Association Between Smoking and Physician-Diagnosed Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Male Adults in Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Data and Subjects
2.2. Selection and Manipulation of Variables
2.2.1. Dependent Variables: PDS and PDMI
2.2.2. Independent Variable: Smoking Exposure
2.2.3. Adjusted Variables: Age, Physician-Diagnosed Hypertension, Physician-Diagnosed Diabetes
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Ethics Statement
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics
Variable | N (92,082) | % (100.0) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 30–39 | 20,069 | 21.8 |
40–49 | 23,377 | 25.4 | |
50–59 | 19,776 | 21.5 | |
60–69 | 15,954 | 17.3 | |
≥70 | 12,906 | 14.0 | |
Smoking status | Non-smoking | 21,147 | 23.0 |
Smoking | 70,935 | 77.0 | |
Current smoking | 43,088 | 46.8 | |
Ex smoking | 27,847 | 30.2 | |
Period of smoking (Years) | Non-smoking | 21,147 | 23.0 |
0–9 | 7531 | 8.0 | |
10–19 | 20,384 | 22.1 | |
20–29 | 19,845 | 21.6 | |
30–39 | 12,645 | 13.7 | |
40–49 | 7150 | 7.8 | |
≥50 | 3509 | 3.8 | |
Physician-diagnosed stroke | Yes | 2380 | 2.6 |
No | 89,699 | 97.4 | |
Physician-diagnosed myocardial infarction | Yes | 1387 | 1.5 |
No | 90,695 | 98.5 | |
Physician-diagnosed hypertension | Yes | 19,040 | 20.7 |
No | 72,985 | 79.3 | |
Physician-diagnosed diabetes | Yes | 7991 | 8.7 |
No | 84,050 | 91.3 |
3.2. Prevalence of PDS according to Variables
3.3. Association between Smoking and PDS
Physician-Diagnosed Stroke | Physician-Diagnosed Myocardial Infarction | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | p-Value | N | % | p-Value | ||
Total | 2380 | 2.58 | 1387 | 1.51 | |||
Smoking | No | 528 | 2.50 | 0.359 | 288 | 1.36 | 0.049 |
Yes | 1852 | 2.61 | 1099 | 1.55 | |||
Smoking status | Non-smoking | 528 | 2.50 | <0.001 | 288 | 1.36 | <0.001 |
Current smoking | 652 | 1.51 | 425 | 0.99 | |||
Ex-smoking | 1200 | 4.31 | 674 | 2.42 | |||
Period of smoking(Years) | Non-smoking | 528 | 2.50 | <0.001 | 288 | 1.36 | <0.001 |
0–9 | 122 | 1.66 | 73 | 0.99 | |||
10–19 | 242 | 1.19 | 184 | 0.90 | |||
20–29 | 446 | 2.24 | 278 | 1.40 | |||
30–39 | 509 | 4.01 | 301 | 2.38 | |||
40–49 | 373 | 5.24 | 201 | 2.81 | |||
≥50 | 160 | 4.66 | 62 | 1.77 | |||
Physician-diagnosed hypertension | No | 1769 | 2.39 | <0.001 | 1004 | 1.37 | <0.001 |
Yes | 608 | 3.35 | 382 | 2.05 | |||
Physician-diagnosed diabetes | No | 2059 | 2.48 | <0.001 | 1205 | 1.43 | <0.001 |
Yes | 283 | 3.67 | 180 | 2.31 | |||
Age (Years) | 30–39 | 21 | 0.10 | <0.001 | 16 | 0.08 | <0.001 |
40–49 | 146 | 0.62 | 91 | 0.39 | |||
50–59 | 359 | 1.82 | 286 | 1.45 | |||
60–69 | 749 | 4.69 | 514 | 3.22 | |||
≥70 | 1105 | 8.56 | 480 | 3.72 |
Physician-Diagnosed Stroke | Physician-Diagnosed Myocardial Infarction | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | 95% ConfidenceInterval of OR | Odds Ratio | 95% ConfidenceInterval of OR | ||||
Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | ||||
Smoking | No | 1 | 1 | ||||
Yes | 1.12 | 1.02 | 1.24 | 1.21 | 1.06 | 1.38 | |
Smoking status | Non-smoking | 1 | 1 | ||||
Current smoking | 0.84 | 0.74 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.82 | 1.12 | |
Ex-smoking | 1.38 | 1.24 | 1.53 | 1.45 | 1.26 | 1.67 | |
Period of smoking(Years) | Non-smoking | 1 | 1 | ||||
0–9 | 1.02 | 0.84 | 1.25 | 1.11 | 0.85 | 1.44 | |
10–19 | 1.39 | 1.18 | 1.63 | 1.85 | 1.53 | 2.24 | |
20–29 | 1.55 | 1.36 | 1.78 | 1.64 | 1.38 | 1.94 | |
30–39 | 1.39 | 1.22 | 1.58 | 1.36 | 1.15 | 1.60 | |
40–49 | 0.94 | 0.82 | 1.08 | 0.95 | 0.79 | 1.14 | |
≥50 | 0.53 | 0.44 | 0.63 | 0.47 | 0.36 | 0.63 |
3.4. Prevalence of PDMI according to Smoking Variables
3.5. Association between Smoking and PDMI
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chang, S.; Kim, H.; Kim, V.; Lee, K.; Jeong, H.; Lee, J.-H.; Shin, S.-A.; Shin, E.; Park, M.; Ko, E. Association Between Smoking and Physician-Diagnosed Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Male Adults in Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020158
Chang S, Kim H, Kim V, Lee K, Jeong H, Lee J-H, Shin S-A, Shin E, Park M, Ko E. Association Between Smoking and Physician-Diagnosed Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Male Adults in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(2):158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020158
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Sounghoon, Hyeongsu Kim, Vitna Kim, Kunsei Lee, Hyoseon Jeong, Jung-Hyun Lee, Soon-Ae Shin, Eunyoung Shin, Minsu Park, and Eunjung Ko. 2016. "Association Between Smoking and Physician-Diagnosed Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Male Adults in Korea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 2: 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13020158