Temporal Trends in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity and Screen Time among Czech Adolescents from 2002 to 2014: A National Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (i)
- Determine whether a gradual increase in the prevalence of overweight/obesity in boys continued in 2014, and also assess the direction of trends in the prevalence of overweight/obesity in girls;
- (ii)
- Describe temporal trends in the achievement of PA recommendations (MVPA—at least 60 min per day, VPA – at least 30 min per week and four or more days of the week);
- (iii)
- Consider whether a rapid increase in ST in boys and girls on weekdays and at weekends continued in the 2014 cycle;
- (iv)
- Identify correlates of overweight/obesity that potentially contributed to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among Czech adolescents in the 2002–2014 period.
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Sample
2.3. Instrument and Variables
2.3.1. Weight Status
2.3.2. Physical Activity
2.3.3. Screen time (ST)
2.4. Data Treatment and Statistical Analyses
3. Results
2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | |
(n = 2412) | (n = 2600) | (n = 2410) | (n = 2364) | (n = 2135) | (n = 2269) | (n = 2803) | (n = 2947) | |
% | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
School grade § | ||||||||
5th grade | 34.3 | 33.3 | 31.7 | 31.5 | 33.7 | 31.2 | 30.9 | 31.4 |
7th grade | 32.3 | 33.8 | 33.4 | 33.7 | 31.3 | 34.7 | 34.3 | 34.5 |
9th grade | 33.4 | 32.8 | 34.9 | 34.8 | 35.0 | 34.2 | 34.8 | 34.1 |
Weight status # | ||||||||
Normal weight | 81.7 | 91.7 | 77.6 | 83.7 | 73.7 | 88.0 | 75.3 | 88.1 |
Overweight/obese | 18.3 | 8.3 | 22.4 | 16.3 | 26.3 | 12.0 | 24.7 | 11.9 |
Daily MVPA * | ||||||||
≥60 min | 32.2 | 23.2 | 27.4 | 17.9 | 28.3 | 19.2 | 25.6 | 19.2 |
VPA per week † | ||||||||
≥4 times 30 or more minutes | - | - | 45.7 | 24.4 | 44.9 | 30.3 | 42.0 | 33.6 |
Daily screen time ‡ | ||||||||
>2 h per weekday | 75.1 | 61.3 | 86.0 | 73.4 | 87.6 | 81.4 | 88.7 | 76.6 |
>2 h per weekend day | 78.3 | 65.1 | 88.6 | 79.8 | 89.4 | 84.8 | 91.8 | 83.7 |
3.1. Trends in Excess Body Weight (Overweight and Obesity)
3.2. Trends in Attainment of the Physical Activity Recommendation
3.3. Trends in Non-Excessive Screen Time
2002 | 2006 | 2010 | 2014 | 2014 vs. 2002 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio to reach the variables 1−5 | 95% CI | ||||||
% a | % a | % a | % a | OR | Lower | Upper | |
Overweight/obese1 | |||||||
Boys | 18.3 | 22.4 | 26.3 | 24.7 | 1.46 *** | 1.28 | 1.68 |
5th grade | 21.5 | 30.1 | 30.6 | 27.8 | 1.41 ** | 1.12 | 1.77 |
7th grade | 17.3 | 21.2 | 27.0 | 26.6 | 1.73 *** | 1.37 | 2.20 |
9th grade | 16.0 | 16.6 | 21.8 | 20.6 | 1.36 * | 1.06 | 1.74 |
Girls | 8.3 | 16.3 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 1.49 *** | 1.24 | 1.78 |
5th grade | 10.1 | 22.7 | 15.3 | 14.0 | 1.45 * | 1.08 | 1.94 |
7th grade | 8.6 | 15.5 | 10.6 | 11.3 | 1.36 * | 1.00 | 1.86 |
9th grade | 6.2 | 11.5 | 10.7 | 10.7 | 1.80 *** | 1.27 | 2.55 |
MVPA recommendations 2 | |||||||
Boys | 32.2 | 27.4 | 28.3 | 25.6 | 0.72 *** | 0.64 | 0.82 |
5th grade | 36.2 | 25.7 | 29.0 | 29.5 | 0.74 ** | 0.60 | 0.91 |
7th grade | 32.6 | 28.6 | 30.6 | 27.2 | 0.77 * | 0.63 | 0.95 |
9th grade | 27.9 | 27.9 | 25.5 | 20.4 | 0.66 *** | 0.53 | 0.83 |
Girls | 23.2 | 17.9 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 0.79 *** | 0.69 | 0.90 |
5th grade | 28.5 | 19.7 | 24.1 | 24.2 | 0.80 * | 0.65 | 0.99 |
7th grade | 22.5 | 17.6 | 19.4 | 20.1 | 0.87 | 0.69 | 1.08 |
9th grade | 18.4 | 16.5 | 14.9 | 13.6 | 0.70 ** | 0.54 | 0.90 |
Non-excessive ST weekday 3 | |||||||
Boys | 24.9 | 14.0 | 12.4 | 11.2 | 0.38 *** | 0.33 | 0.45 |
5th grade | 32.2 | 19.0 | 19.6 | 15.4 | 0.38 *** | 0.30 | 0.48 |
7th grade | 21.1 | 11.3 | 9.4 | 11.2 | 0.47 *** | 0.36 | 0.62 |
9th grade | 21.1 | 11.9 | 8.2 | 7.6 | 0.31 *** | 0.23 | 0.41 |
Girls | 38.7 | 26.5 | 18.5 | 23.4 | 0.48 *** | 0.43 | 0.54 |
5th grade | 44.2 | 33.4 | 28.4 | 34.3 | 0.66 *** | 0.55 | 0.80 |
7th grade | 34.1 | 23.5 | 13.5 | 23.2 | 0.59 *** | 0.48 | 0.72 |
9th grade | 37.9 | 23.3 | 14.6 | 13.7 | 0.26 *** | 0.21 | 0.33 |
Non-excessive ST weekend day 4 | |||||||
Boys | 21.7 | 11.4 | 10.6 | 8.1 | 0.31 *** | 0.27 | 0.38 |
5th grade | 28.1 | 13.7 | 15.8 | 12.0 | 0.35 *** | 0.27 | 0.45 |
7th grade | 20.1 | 10.6 | 9.0 | 7.1 | 0.30 *** | 0.22 | 0.41 |
9th grade | 16.7 | 10.0 | 7.0 | 5.7 | 0.30 *** | 0.22 | 0.42 |
Girls | 34.9 | 20.1 | 15.3 | 16.3 | 0.36 *** | 0.32 | 0.41 |
5th grade | 39.6 | 27.1 | 25.6 | 26.4 | 0.55 *** | 0.45 | 0.67 |
7th grade | 31.1 | 17.0 | 11.2 | 13.4 | 0.34 *** | 0.27 | 0.43 |
9th grade | 34.0 | 16.9 | 10.0 | 10.1 | 0.22 *** | 0.17 | 0.28 |
VPA recommendations 5 | 2014 vs. 2006 | ||||||
Boys | - | 45.8 | 44.9 | 42.2 | 0.86 ** | 0.77 | 0.96 |
5th grade | - | 45.4 | 46.3 | 39.4 | 0.78 * | 0.64 | 0.96 |
7th grade | - | 47.1 | 46.1 | 42.6 | 0.83 | 0.69 | 1.01 |
9th grade | - | 44.8 | 42.6 | 44.4 | 0.98 | 0.81 | 1.18 |
Girls | - | 24.4 | 30.3 | 33.6 | 1.57 *** | 1.39 | 1.77 |
5th grade | - | 30.2 | 37.1 | 34.4 | 1.22 | 0.99 | 1.50 |
7th grade | - | 23.0 | 30.7 | 36.2 | 1.90 *** | 1.54 | 2.35 |
9th grade | - | 20.5 | 23.6 | 30.2 | 1.67 *** | 1.35 | 2.08 |
3.4. Correlates of Excessive Body Weight (Overweight/Obesity)
Overweight/Obese | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
95% CI | ||||
% | OR | Lower | Upper | |
Year of data collection | ||||
2014 | 18.2 | Ref. | ||
2010 | 19.0 | 1.06 | 0.95 | 1.18 |
2006 | 19.4 | 1.09 | 0.98 | 1.21 |
2002 | 13.1 | 0.69 ** | 0.62 | 0.77 |
Gender | ||||
Boys | 22.9 | Ref. | ||
Girls | 12.0 | 0.46 ** | 0.42 | 0.50 |
School grade 1 | ||||
5th grade | 21.2 | Ref. | ||
7th grade | 17.0 | 0.72 ** | 0.66 | 0.79 |
9th grade | 14.2 | 0.58 ** | 0.53 | 0.64 |
MVPA recommendations 2 | ||||
<60 min of MVPA per day | 17.6 | Ref. | ||
≥60 min of MVPA per day | 15.9 | 0.81 ** | 0.74 | 0.89 |
ST recommendations weekday 3 | ||||
>2 h per week day | 18.3 | Ref. | ||
≤2 h per week day | 14.0 | 0.86 * | 0.77 | 0.97 |
ST recommendations weekend day 3 | ||||
>2 h per weekend day | 18.1 | Ref. | ||
≤2 h per weekend day | 14.1 | 0.90 | 0.80 | 1.02 |
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sigmund, E.; Sigmundová, D.; Badura, P.; Kalman, M.; Hamrik, Z.; Pavelka, J. Temporal Trends in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity and Screen Time among Czech Adolescents from 2002 to 2014: A National Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 11848-11868. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120911848
Sigmund E, Sigmundová D, Badura P, Kalman M, Hamrik Z, Pavelka J. Temporal Trends in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity and Screen Time among Czech Adolescents from 2002 to 2014: A National Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(9):11848-11868. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120911848
Chicago/Turabian StyleSigmund, Erik, Dagmar Sigmundová, Petr Badura, Michal Kalman, Zdenek Hamrik, and Jan Pavelka. 2015. "Temporal Trends in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity and Screen Time among Czech Adolescents from 2002 to 2014: A National Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 9: 11848-11868. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120911848
APA StyleSigmund, E., Sigmundová, D., Badura, P., Kalman, M., Hamrik, Z., & Pavelka, J. (2015). Temporal Trends in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity and Screen Time among Czech Adolescents from 2002 to 2014: A National Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(9), 11848-11868. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120911848