Spatial Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentrations in the Surface Sediment of Taihu Lake
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of Research Area
2.2. Collection and Analysis of Samples
2.3. Sediment Quality Guidelines
2.4. Spatial and Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Average Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Sediment
Pb | Cd | Cu | Zn | Cr | Ni | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum | 16.76 | 0.21 | 16.1 | 41.61 | 12.08 | 10.87 |
Maximum | 57.09 | 1.61 | 53.24 | 204.37 | 140.22 | 78.83 |
Average | 29.87 | 0.74 | 28.27 | 79.74 | 72.11 | 34.33 |
S.D. | 8.27 | 0.23 | 6.11 | 26.89 | 29.48 | 13.93 |
CV (%) | 28% | 31% | 22% | 36% | 42% | 41% |
TEL a | 18 | 0.596 | 35.7 | 123 | 37.3 | 35 |
PEL a | 36 | 3.53 | 197 | 315 | 90 | 91.3 |
ERL a | 35 | 5 | 70 | 120 | 80 | 30 |
ERM a | 110 | 9 | 390 | 270 | 145 | 50 |
Yin [19] | 51.8 | 0.94 | 36.7 | / | 56.2 | / |
Yuan [20] | 36.3 | / | 27.2 | 99.5 | 86.7 | 40.6 |
Fu [10] | 33.55 | 0.14 | 34.14 | 105.55 | 68.09 | 36.23 |
background value b | 15.7 | 0.27 | 18.9 | 59 | 79.3 | 19.5 |
3.2. Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Sediment
Element | Pb | Cd | Cu | Zn | Cr | Ni | TOC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pb | 1 | ||||||
Cd | 0.516 ** | 1 | |||||
Cu | 0.359 ** | 0.290 * | 1 | ||||
Zn | 0.344 ** | 0.319 * | 0.760 ** | 1 | |||
Cr | 0.172 | 0.030 | 0.551 ** | 0.678 ** | 1 | ||
Ni | 0.250 | 0.146 | 0.630 ** | 0.753 ** | 0.932 ** | 1 | |
TOC | 0.362 ** | 0.407 ** | 0.444 ** | 0.513 ** | 0.573 ** | 0.485 ** | 1 |
3.3. Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Sediment
Initial Eigenvalues | Element | Rotated Component Matrix | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | % of Variance | Cumulative % | PC1 | PC2 | ||
Explanation of Total Variance | Component Matrixes | |||||
1 | 3.067 | 51.122 | 51.122 | Pb | 0.249 | 0.845 |
2 | 1.176 | 19.606 | 70.782 | Cd | 0.101 | 0.844 |
3 | 0.818 | 13.632 | 84.361 | Cu | 0.867 | 0.232 |
4 | 0.396 | 6.597 | 90.958 | Zn | 0.839 | 0.322 |
5 | 0.347 | 5.780 | 96.738 | Cr | 0.751 | −0.032 |
6 | 0.196 | 3.262 | 100.000 | Ni | 0.690 | 0.407 |
3.4. Risk Appraisal of Heavy Metals in the Sediment
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Niu, Y.; Jiao, W.; Yu, H.; Niu, Y.; Pang, Y.; Xu, X.; Guo, X. Spatial Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentrations in the Surface Sediment of Taihu Lake. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 15028-15039. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214966
Niu Y, Jiao W, Yu H, Niu Y, Pang Y, Xu X, Guo X. Spatial Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentrations in the Surface Sediment of Taihu Lake. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015; 12(12):15028-15039. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214966
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiu, Yong, Wei Jiao, Hui Yu, Yuan Niu, Yong Pang, Xiangyang Xu, and Xiaochun Guo. 2015. "Spatial Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentrations in the Surface Sediment of Taihu Lake" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12, no. 12: 15028-15039. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121214966