Parent-Child Associations in Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Weekdays and Weekends in Random Samples of Families in the Czech Republic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Selection
2.2. Assessment of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour
2.3. Assessment of Anthropometric Indicators and Determining Overweight and Obesity
2.4. Data Treatment and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Profiles
Anthropometric Variables | Parents | Children | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mothers (n = 245) | Fathers (n = 143) | Daughters (n = 248) | Sons (n = 237) | |
Age (years) | 38.71 (4.13) | 41.48 (5.58) | 10.44 (1.33) | 10.57 (1.26) |
Body height (cm) | 166.12 (13.85) | 180.06 (16.91) | 144.43 (9.72) | 145.67 (9.05) |
Body weight (kg) | 67.04 (11.35) | 87.04 (13.90) | 36.87 (9.19) | 38.77 (9.21) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.15 (3.88) | 26.61 (2.84) | 17.48 (3.03) | 18.11 (3.11) |
Overweight a,c | 24.68% | 56.43% | 12.05% | 15.74% |
Obesity b,d | 7.66% | 12.14% | 6.43% | 12.34% |
3.2. Pedometer Step Counts on Particular Days of the Week
3.3. Logbook Screen Time on Particular Days of the Week
3.4. Relationship between Parents’ and Children’s Steps and Screen Time on Weekdays and Weekends
Variables | Steps (Step Counts per Day) | Screen Time (Minutes per Day) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Daughters | Sons | Daughters | Sons | |
Weekdays | ||||
Mothers | 0.31 ** | 0.35 ** | 0.39 ** | 0.43 ** |
Fathers | 0.16 | 0.25 * | 0.12 | 0.40 ** |
Weekends | ||||
Mothers | 0.47 ** | 0.36 ** | 0.55 ** | 0.44 ** |
Fathers | 0.31 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.45 ** | 0.41 ** |
3.5. Logistic Regression Analyses to Achieve the Steps Recommendations on Weekdays and Weekends
Weekdays | Weekends | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% a | OR | 95% CI | % a | OR | 95% CI | |
Children | ||||||
Gender | ||||||
Boys | 49.8 | Ref. | 39.2 | Ref. | ||
Girls | 55.6 | 0.619 | 0.210–1.819 | 44.4 | 0.811 | 0.293–2.240 |
Body mass | ||||||
Normal weight | 55.3 | Ref. | 41.5 | Ref. | ||
Overweight/Obese | 45.0 | 0.148 * | 0.031–0.695 | 42.3 | 1.005 | 0.316–3.199 |
Screen time | ||||||
<2 h per day | 54.1 | Ref. | 44.2 | Ref. | ||
≥2 h per day | 45.3 | 0.565 | 0.138–2.313 | 35.4 | 0.638 | 0.204–1.996 |
School time step count | ||||||
≤median of steps at school | 36.4 | Ref. | 36.4 | Ref. | ||
>median of steps at school | 72.1 | 29.615 *** | 7.381–118.831 | 48.4 | 2.993 * | 1.102–8.128 |
Mothers | ||||||
Body mass | ||||||
Normal weight | 52.9 | Ref. | 40.6 | Ref. | ||
Overweight/Obese | 46.1 | 3.199 | 0.891–11.491 | 38.2 | 0.671 | 0.194–2.321 |
Screen time | ||||||
<2 h per day | 53.5 | Ref. | 44.2 | Ref. | ||
≥2 h per day | 47.4 | 1.579 | 0.440–5.665 | 27.3 | 0.275 | 0.072–1.056 |
Step counts per day | ||||||
<10,000 steps/day | 34.5 | Ref. | 29.8 | Ref. | ||
≥10,000 steps/day | 69.6 | 4.941 * | 1.452–16.822 | 60.3 | 3.604 * | 1.209–10.739 |
Fathers | ||||||
Body mass | ||||||
Normal weight | 68.1 | Ref. | 51.1 | Ref. | ||
Overweight/Obese | 51.4 | 1.013 | 0.295–3.485 | 35.2 | 0.725 | 0.253–2.077 |
Screen time | ||||||
<2 h per day | 53.3 | Ref. | 43.1 | Ref. | ||
≥2 h per day | 48.0 | 0.194 * | 0.052–0.722 | 33.3 | 0.861 | 0.274–2.703 |
Step counts per day | ||||||
<10,000 steps/day | 51.0 | Ref. | 31.8 | Ref. | ||
≥10,000 steps/day | 63.3 | 0.877 | 0.370–3.203 | 57.1 | 5.480 ** | 1.651–18.188 |
Nagelkerke R2 | 0.514 | 0.345 |
4. Discussion
5. Limitations and Future Research
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sigmundová, D.; Sigmund, E.; Vokáčová, J.; Kopčáková, J. Parent-Child Associations in Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Weekdays and Weekends in Random Samples of Families in the Czech Republic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 7163-7181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110707163
Sigmundová D, Sigmund E, Vokáčová J, Kopčáková J. Parent-Child Associations in Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Weekdays and Weekends in Random Samples of Families in the Czech Republic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(7):7163-7181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110707163
Chicago/Turabian StyleSigmundová, Dagmar, Erik Sigmund, Jana Vokáčová, and Jaroslava Kopčáková. 2014. "Parent-Child Associations in Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Weekdays and Weekends in Random Samples of Families in the Czech Republic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 7: 7163-7181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110707163