Effect of a Brief Heat Exposure on Blood Pressure and Physical Performance of Older Women Living in the Community—A Pilot-Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Subjects
2.3. Primary Outcomes
2.4. Secondary Outcomes
2.5. Descriptive Variables
2.6. Procedure
2.7. Statistics
3. Results
Characteristics | Median | IQR | Minimum–Maximum |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 75.5 | 73.0–78.5 | 71–83 |
Height (cm) | 163 | 157–168 | 152–174 |
Weight (kg) | 70 | 59.8–76.6 | 46–89 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 | 22.9–29.0 | 19.4–33.9 |
SOMC (0–28) | 0 | 0–4 | 0–10 |
Co-morbidities (0–18) | 2 | 1–2 | 0–7 |
Habitual gait speed (m/s) | 1.23 | 1.08–1.37 | 0.81–1.52 |
Variables | 20 °C room Temperature | 30 °C room Temperature | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | IQR | Median | IQR | ||
Sys. BP at rest (mmHg) | 143.5 | 135.3–158.5 | 133.5 | 121.5–140.0 | <0.001 |
Dias. BP at rest (mmHg) | 88.0 | 80.0–93.5 | 80.0 | 72.3–91.0 | <0.001 |
Heart rate at rest (bpm) | 65 | 61–68 | 68 | 64–77 | 0.016 |
Core temperature at rest (°C) | 36.5 | 36.0–36.7 | 36.8 | 36.6–36.9 | <0.001 |
Calf skin temperature at rest (°C) | 31.9 | 30.7–32.5 | 34.2 | 33.7–34.4 | <0.001 |
Sys. BP change (mmHg) | −14 | −27–−5 | −17 | −23–−9 | Ns |
Dias. BP change (mmHg) | −4 | −10–−5 | −2 | −8–9 | Ns |
Heart rate change (bpm) | 13 | 6–17 | 18 | 10–21 | <0.001 |
6-Minute-Walk (m) | 602.1 | 540.2–635.8 | 572.8 | 533.8–641.8 | 0.008 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stotz, A.; Rapp, K.; Oksa, J.; Skelton, D.A.; Beyer, N.; Klenk, J.; Becker, C.; Lindemann, U. Effect of a Brief Heat Exposure on Blood Pressure and Physical Performance of Older Women Living in the Community—A Pilot-Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 12623-12631. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111212623
Stotz A, Rapp K, Oksa J, Skelton DA, Beyer N, Klenk J, Becker C, Lindemann U. Effect of a Brief Heat Exposure on Blood Pressure and Physical Performance of Older Women Living in the Community—A Pilot-Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(12):12623-12631. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111212623
Chicago/Turabian StyleStotz, Anja, Kilian Rapp, Juha Oksa, Dawn A. Skelton, Nina Beyer, Jochen Klenk, Clemens Becker, and Ulrich Lindemann. 2014. "Effect of a Brief Heat Exposure on Blood Pressure and Physical Performance of Older Women Living in the Community—A Pilot-Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 12: 12623-12631. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111212623