Survival of Salmonella enterica in Aerated and Nonaerated Wastewaters from Dairy Lagoons
Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11(11), 11249-11260; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111249
Received: 25 September 2014 / Revised: 20 October 2014 / Accepted: 21 October 2014 / Published: 29 October 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Determinants of Infectious Disease Transmission)
Salmonella is the most commonly identified foodborne pathogen in produce, meat and poultry. Cattle are known reservoirs of Salmonella and the pathogen excreted in feces ends up in manure flush lagoons. Salmonella enterica survival was monitored in wastewater from on-site holding lagoons equipped or not with circulating aerators at two dairies. All strains had poor survival rates and none proliferated in waters from aerated or settling lagoons. Populations of all three Salmonella serovars declined rapidly with decimal reduction times (D) of <2 days in aerated microcosms prepared from lagoon equipped with circulators. Populations of Salmonella decreased significantly in aerated microcosms (D = 4.2 d) compared to nonaerated waters (D = 7.4 d) and in summer (D = 3.4 d) compared to winter (D = 9.0 d). We propose holding the wastewater for sufficient decimal reduction cycles in lagoons to yield pathogen-free nutrient-rich water for crop irrigations and fertilization.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
Salmonella; aeration; dairy wastewater; aerators; manure; survival; decimal reduction times; Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Montevideo; Salmonella Thompson
▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Ravva, S.V.; Sarreal, C.Z. Survival of Salmonella enterica in Aerated and Nonaerated Wastewaters from Dairy Lagoons. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 11249-11260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111249
AMA Style
Ravva SV, Sarreal CZ. Survival of Salmonella enterica in Aerated and Nonaerated Wastewaters from Dairy Lagoons. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11(11):11249-11260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111249
Chicago/Turabian StyleRavva, Subbarao V.; Sarreal, Chester Z. 2014. "Survival of Salmonella enterica in Aerated and Nonaerated Wastewaters from Dairy Lagoons" Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 11, no. 11: 11249-11260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111249
Find Other Styles
Search more from Scilit
