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Volume 10
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10.3390/ijerph10104728
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Article

Acute and Subacute Effects of Urban Air Pollution on Cardiopulmonary Emergencies and Mortality: Time Series Studies in Austrian Cities

by
Manfred Neuberger
1,
Hanns Moshammer
1,* and
Daniel Rabczenko
2
1
Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Kinderspitalgasse 15, Austria
2
National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, PL-00-791 Warsaw, ul. Chocimska 24, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10(10), 4728-4751; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104728
Received: 4 July 2013 / Revised: 29 September 2013 / Accepted: 29 September 2013 / Published: 2 October 2013
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Abstract

Daily pollution data (collected in Graz over 16 years and in the Linz over 18 years) were used for time series studies (GAM and case-crossover) on the relationship with daily mortality (overall and specific causes of death). Diagnoses of patients who had been transported to hospitals in Linz were also available on a daily basis from eight years for time series analyses of cardiopulmonary emergencies. Increases in air pollutant levels over several days were followed by increases in mortality and the observed effects increased with the length of the exposure window considered, up to a maximum of 15 days. These mortality changes in Graz and Linz showed similar patterns like the ones found before in Vienna. A significant association of mortality could be demonstrated with NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 even in summer, when concentrations are lower and mainly related to motor traffic. Cardiorespiratory ambulance transports increased with NO2/PM2.5/PM10 by 2.0/6.1/1.7% per 10 µg/m³ on the same day. Monitoring of NO2 (related to motor traffic) and fine particulates at urban background stations predicts acute effects on cardiopulmonary emergencies and extended effects on cardiopulmonary mortality. Both components of urban air pollution are indicators of acute cardiopulmonary health risks, which need to be monitored and reduced, even below current standards. View Full-Text
Keywords: air pollution; particulate matter; nitrogen dioxide; emergencies; mortality; time series air pollution; particulate matter; nitrogen dioxide; emergencies; mortality; time series
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MDPI and ACS Style

Neuberger, M.; Moshammer, H.; Rabczenko, D. Acute and Subacute Effects of Urban Air Pollution on Cardiopulmonary Emergencies and Mortality: Time Series Studies in Austrian Cities. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, 4728-4751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104728

AMA Style

Neuberger M, Moshammer H, Rabczenko D. Acute and Subacute Effects of Urban Air Pollution on Cardiopulmonary Emergencies and Mortality: Time Series Studies in Austrian Cities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013; 10(10):4728-4751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104728

Chicago/Turabian Style

Neuberger, Manfred, Hanns Moshammer, and Daniel Rabczenko. 2013. "Acute and Subacute Effects of Urban Air Pollution on Cardiopulmonary Emergencies and Mortality: Time Series Studies in Austrian Cities" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10, no. 10: 4728-4751. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10104728

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