Recent Discovery of Heterocyclic Alkaloids from Marine-Derived Aspergillus Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structural Diversity
2.1. Indole Alkaloids
2.2. Diketopiperazine Alkaloids
2.3. Quinazoline Alkaloids
2.4. Pyrrolidine Alkaloids
2.5. Cyclopeptide Alkaloids
2.6. Other Heterocyclic Alkaloids
3. Production Environment
4. Biological Activities
4.1. Anticancer Activities
4.2. Antimicrobial Activities
4.3. Anti-Inflammatory Activities
4.4. Other Biological Activities
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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NO. | Producing Strain | Environmental Source | Biological Activities | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | A. sp. SCSIO 41501 | the gorgonian Melitodes squamata collected from the South China Sea, Sanya, China | moderate antiviral activity against HSV-1 under non-cytotoxic concentrations against Vero cells | [23] |
2 | A. terreus | the coral Sarcophyton subviride collected from the coast of Xisha Island in the South China Sea | potent inhibition on LPS-induced NO production; nonsignificant inhibition on α-Glucosidase | [24] |
3 | A. candidus KUFA0062 | the marine sponge Epipolasis sp. collected at Similan Island National Park (15–20 m), Thailand | weak cytotoxic activity against eight cell lines; nonsignificant antibacterial activity | [25] |
4 | A. alabamensis EN-547 | the fresh inner tissue of marine alga Ceramium japonicum collected at Qingdao, China | moderate antimicrobial activities against E. coli, M. luteus, Ed. ictaluri and V. alginolyticus | [26] |
5 | A. alabamensis EN-547 | the fresh inner tissue of marine alga Ceramium japonicum collected at Qingdao, China | moderate antimicrobial activities against E. coli, M. luteus, Ed. ictaluri and V. alginolyticus | [26] |
6 | A. sp. MEXU 27854 | sandy soil collected in the intertidal zone located in Caleta Bay, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities | [27] |
7 | A. sp. MEXU 27854 | sandy soil collected in the intertidal zone located in Caleta Bay, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico | no biological activity was tested | [27] |
8 | A. sp. MEXU 27854 | sandy soil collected in the intertidal zone located in Caleta Bay, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities | [27] |
9 | A. sp. MEXU 27854 | sandy soil collected in the intertidal zone located in Caleta Bay, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico | no biological activity was tested | [27] |
10 | A. sp. MEXU 27854 | sandy soil collected in the intertidal zone located in Caleta Bay, Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico | no biological activity was tested | [27] |
11 | A. sp. CMB-M081F | the marine sediment collected at an intertidal depth of 1 m near Shorncliffe, Queensland, Australia | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities; potent inhibition on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux | [28] |
12 | A. sp. KMM 4676 | an unidentified colonial ascidian (Shikotan Island, Pacific Ocean) | potent cytotoxicity against 22Rv1, while moderate cytotoxicity against PC-3 and LNCaP | [29] |
13 | A. sp. KMM 4676 | an unidentified colonial ascidian (Shikotan Island, Pacific Ocean) | no biological activity was tested | [29] |
14 | A. sp. KMM 4676 | an unidentified colonial ascidian (Shikotan Island, Pacific Ocean) | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against PC-3, LNCaP and 22Rv1 cell lines | [29] |
15 | A. sp. KMM 4676 | an unidentified colonial ascidian (Shikotan Island, Pacific Ocean) | no biological activity was tested | [29] |
16 | A. nidulans EN-330 | The marine red alga P. scopulorum var. villum collected from Yantai coastline of north China | moderate antimicrobial activities against four human- and aqua-pathogens | [30] |
17 | A. nidulans EN-330 | The marine red alga P. scopulorum var. villum collected from Yantai coastline of north China | weak antimicrobial activities against four human- and aqua-pathogens | [30] |
18 | A. sp. SCSIO XWS03F03 | a sponge collected from the sea area Xuwen County, Guangdong, China | potent cytotoxic activity against HL-60 and LNCap cell lines | [31] |
19 | A. sp. | the sponge Tethya aurantium (Pallas 1766) collected at the entrance of Limski kanal (a depth of 20 m) | moderate selective activity against marine bacteria; nonsignificant cytotoxicity against L5178Y cells | [32] |
20 | A. versicolor LZD-14-1 | the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia sp. (LZD-14) collected from the South China Sea | weak cytotoxic activity against A549; potent inhibitory activity against TrxR | [33] |
21 | A. flavus OUCMDZ-2205 | the prawn Penaeus vannamei collected in Lianyungang sea area, Jiangsu Province of China | moderate antibacterial and cytotoxic activities, as well as PKC-beta inhibition | [34] |
22 | A. flavus OUCMDZ-2205 | the prawn Penaeus vannamei collected in Lianyungang sea area, Jiangsu Province of China | moderate cytotoxicity; nonsignificant antibacterial activity and PKC-beta inhibition | [34] |
23 | A. oryzae | the marine sediments collected from Langqi Island, Fujian, China | weak cytotoxic activities against Hela and MGC803 cell lines | [35] |
24 | A. oryzae | the marine sediments collected from Langqi Island, Fujian, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against Hela, HL-60, and K562 cell lines | [36] |
25 | A. oryzae | the marine sediments collected from Langqi Island, Fujian, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against Hela and MGC803 cell lines | [35] |
26 | A. oryzae | the marine sediments collected from Langqi Island, Fujian, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against Hela and MGC803 cell lines | [35] |
27 | A. oryzae | the marine sediments collected from Langqi Island, Fujian, China | weak cytotoxic activities against Hela and MGC803 cell lines | [35] |
28 | A. oryzae | the marine sediments collected from Langqi Island, Fujian, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against Hela, HL-60, and K562 cell lines | [36] |
29 | A. oryzae | the marine sediments collected from Langqi Island, Fujian, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against Hela, HL-60, and K562 cell lines | [36] |
30 | A. sp Z-4 | the marine isopod Ligia oceanica collected in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China | nonsignificant cytotoxicity against PC3 and HCT116 | [37] |
31 | A. sulphureus KMM 4640 and I. felina KMM 4639 | marine sediments (no detailed description) | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against MRC-9, HEK 293T, 22Rv1, PC-3, and LNCaP | [38] |
32 | A. sulphureus KMM 4640 and I. felina KMM 4639 | marine sediments (no detailed description) | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against MRC-9, HEK 293T, 22Rv1, PC-3, and LNCaP | [38] |
33 | A. sulphureus KMM 4640 and I. felina KMM 4639 | marine sediments (no detailed description) | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against MRC-9, HEK 293T, 22Rv1, PC-3, and LNCaP | [38] |
34 | A. sulphureus KMM 4640 and I. felina KMM 4639 | marine sediments (no detailed description) | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against MRC-9, HEK 293T, 22Rv1, PC-3, and LNCaP | [38] |
35 | A. sulphureus KMM 4640 and I. felina KMM 4639 | marine sediments (no detailed description) | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against MRC-9, HEK 293T, 22Rv1, PC-3, and LNCaP | [38] |
36 | A. versicolor | the mud of the South China Sea | moderate inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production and iNOS enzyme | [40] |
37 | A. versicolor | the mud of the South China Sea | moderate inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production and iNOS enzyme | [40] |
38 | A. versicolor | the mud of the South China Sea | nonsignificant inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production and iNOS enzyme | [40] |
39 | A. versicolor | the mud of the South China Sea | moderate inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production and iNOS enzyme | [40] |
40 | A. versicolor | the mud of the South China Sea | potent inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production and iNOS enzyme | [40] |
41 | A. versicolor | the mud of the South China Sea | nonsignificant inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production and iNOS enzyme | [40] |
42 | A. versicolor | the mud of the South China Sea | nonsignificant inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production and iNOS enzyme | [40] |
43 | A. versicolor | the mud of the South China Sea | nonsignificant inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production and iNOS enzyme | [40] |
44 | A. sp. SF-5976 | an unidentified marine organism collected in the Ross Sea | weak inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells | [41] |
45 | A. sp. SF-5976 | an unidentified marine organism collected in the Ross Sea | moderate inhibitory activities against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 and BV2 cells | [41] |
46 | A. versicolor HDN08-60 | the sediments (at a depth of 35 m) collected in the South China Sea, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against HeLa, HCT-116, HL-60 and K562 cell lines | [42] |
47 | A. versicolor HDN08-60 | the sediments (at a depth of 35 m) collected in the South China Sea, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against HeLa, HCT-116, HL-60 and K562 cell lines | [42] |
48 | A. versicolor HDN08-60 | the sediments (at a depth of 35 m) collected in the South China Sea, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against HeLa, HCT-116, HL-60 and K562 cell lines | [42] |
49 | A. versicolor HDN08-60 | the sediments (at a depth of 35 m) collected in the South China Sea, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against HeLa, HCT-116, HL-60 and K562 cell lines | [42] |
50 | A. versicolor HDN08-60 | the sediments (at a depth of 35 m) collected in the South China Sea, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against HeLa, HCT-116, HL-60 and K562 cell lines | [42] |
51 | A. versicolor HDN08-60 | the sediments (at a depth of 35 m) collected in the South China Sea, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against HeLa, HCT-116, HL-60 and K562 cell lines | [42] |
52 | A. sp. SF-5280 | an unidentified sponge collected at Cheju Island, Korea | moderate inhibitory effects against PTP1B activity | [43] |
53 | A. violaceofuscus | the inner part of marine sponge Reniochalina sp. collected from Xisha Islands in South China Sea | potent anti-inflammatory activity against IL-10 expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [44] |
54 | A. sp. DX4H | marine shrimp collected in seaside of Dinghai in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province of China | weak cytotoxic activities against PC3 cell line | [45] |
55 | A. sp. DX4H | marine shrimp collected in seaside of Dinghai in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province of China | weak cytotoxic activities against PC3 cell line | [45] |
56 | A. sp. DX4H | marine shrimp collected in seaside of Dinghai in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province of China | weak cytotoxic activities against PC3 cell line | [45] |
57 | A. versicolor HDN08-60 | the sediments (at a depth of 35 m) collected in the South China Sea, China | moderate cytotoxic activities and selective PTK inhibitory activities | [42] |
58 | A. versicolor HDN08-60 | the sediments (at a depth of 35 m) collected in the South China Sea, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities against HeLa, HL-60, and K562 cell lines | [42] |
59 | A. fumigatus SCSIO 41012 | the deep-sea sediments (3614 m) collected from the Indian Ocean | potent antifungal and antibacterial activities | [46] |
60 | A. fumigatus SCSIO 41012 | the deep-sea sediments (3614 m) collected from the Indian Ocean | potent antibacterial activities | [46] |
61 | A. fumigatus SCSIO 41012 | the deep-sea sediments (3614 m) collected from the Indian Ocean | potent antibacterial activities | [46] |
62 | A. sp. CMB-M081F | the marine sediment collected at an intertidal depth of 1 m near Shorncliffe, Queensland, Australia | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities and inhibition on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux | [28] |
63 | A. sp. F452 | submerged decaying wood off the shore of Jeju Island, Korea | moderate cytotoxicity; nonsignificant antibacterial activity; weak inhibition against Na+/K+-ATPase | [47] |
64 | A. sp. F452 | submerged decaying wood off the shore of Jeju Island, Korea | moderate cytotoxicity; nonsignificant antibacterial activity; weak inhibition against Na+/K+-ATPase | [47] |
65 | A. sp. F452 | submerged decaying wood off the shore of Jeju Island, Korea | moderate cytotoxicity; nonsignificant antibacterial activity; weak inhibition against Na+/K+-ATPase | [47] |
66 | A. sp. F452 | submerged decaying wood off the shore of Jeju Island, Korea | moderate cytotoxicity; nonsignificant antibacterial activity; weak inhibition against Na+/K+-ATPase | [47] |
67 | A. sp. F452 | submerged decaying wood off the shore of Jeju Island, Korea | moderate cytotoxicity; nonsignificant antibacterial activity; weak inhibition against Na+/K+-ATPase | [47] |
68 | A. versicolor LZD-14-1 | the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia sp. (LZD-14) collected from the South China Sea | weak cytotoxic activity against A549; nonsignificant inhibitory activity against TrxR | [33] |
69 | A. versicolor LZD-14-1 | the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia sp. (LZD-14) collected from the South China Sea | weak cytotoxic activity against A549; potent inhibitory activity against TrxR | [33] |
70 | A. versicolor LZD-14-1 | the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia sp. (LZD-14) collected from the South China Sea | weak cytotoxic activity against A549; nonsignificant inhibitory activity against TrxR | [33] |
71 | A. versicolor LZD-14-1 | the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia sp. (LZD-14) collected from the South China Sea | weak cytotoxic activity against A549; nonsignificant inhibitory activity against TrxR | [33] |
72 | A. versicolor LZD-14-1 | the gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia sp. (LZD-14) collected from the South China Sea | weak cytotoxic activity against A549; nonsignificant inhibitory activity against TrxR | [33] |
73 | A. flocculosus 16D-1 | the inner tissue of marine sponge Phakellia fusca collected from Yongxing Island, China | moderate inhibitory activity against IL-6 production in LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [48] |
74 | A. flocculosus 16D-1 | the inner tissue of marine sponge Phakellia fusca collected from Yongxing Island, China | moderate inhibitory activity against IL-6 production in LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [48] |
75 | A. flocculosus 16D-1 | the inner tissue of marine sponge Phakellia fusca collected from Yongxing Island, China | moderate inhibitory activity against IL-6 production in LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [48] |
76 | A. flocculosus 16D-1 | the inner tissue of marine sponge Phakellia fusca collected from Yongxing Island, China | moderate inhibitory activity against IL-6 production in LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [48] |
77 | A. flocculosus 16D-1 | the inner tissue of marine sponge Phakellia fusca collected from Yongxing Island, China | potent inhibitory activity against IL-6 production in LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [48] |
78 | A. flocculosus 16D-1 | the inner tissue of marine sponge Phakellia fusca collected from Yongxing Island, China | moderate inhibitory activity against IL-6 production in LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [48] |
79 | A. flocculosus 16D-1 | the inner tissue of marine sponge Phakellia fusca collected from Yongxing Island, China | potent inhibitory activity against IL-6 production in LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [48] |
80 | A. flocculosus 16D-1 | the inner tissue of marine sponge Phakellia fusca collected from Yongxing Island, China | potent inhibitory activity against IL-6 production in LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [48] |
81 | A. flocculosus 16D-1 | the inner tissue of marine sponge Phakellia fusca collected from Yongxing Island, China | moderate inhibitory activity against IL-6 production in LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [48] |
82 | A. candidus KUFA0062 | the marine sponge Epipolasis sp. collected at Similan Island National Park (15–20 m), Thailand | weak cytotoxic activity against eight cell lines; nonsignificant antibacterial activity | [25] |
83 | A. sclerotiorum and P. citrinum | the gorgonian Muricella flexuosa collected from the South China Sea, Sanya, Hainan Province, China | moderate brine shrimp lethality; nonsignificant antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities | [49] |
84 | A. fumigatus | the marine fish Mugil cephalus | cytotoxic tests are in progress | [50] |
85 | A. fumigatus | the marine fish Mugil cephalus | cytotoxic tests are in progress | [50] |
86 | A. fumigatus | the marine fish Mugil cephalus | cytotoxic tests are in progress | [50] |
87 | A. fumigatus | the marine fish Mugil cephalus | cytotoxic tests are in progress | [50] |
88 | A. fumigatus | the marine fish Mugil cephalus | cytotoxic tests are in progress | [50] |
89 | A. fumigatus | the marine fish Mugil cephalus | cytotoxic tests are in progress | [50] |
90 | A. fumigatus | the marine fish Mugil cephalus | cytotoxic tests are in progress | [50] |
91 | A. fumigatus | the marine fish Mugil cephalus | cytotoxic tests are in progress | [50] |
92 | A. sp. Z-4 | the marine isopod Ligia oceanica collected in seaside of Dinghai in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province of China | weak cytotoxic activity against PC3 cell line | [51] |
93 | A. sp. Z-4 | the marine isopod Ligia oceanica collected in seaside of Dinghai in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province of China | weak cytotoxic activity against PC3 cell line | [51] |
94 | A. sp. Z-4 | the marine isopod Ligia oceanica collected in seaside of Dinghai, Zhejiang Province of China | moderate cytotoxic activities against PC3 and HCT116 cell lines | [52] |
95 | A. sp. Z-4 | the marine isopod Ligia oceanica collected in seaside of Dinghai, Zhejiang Province of China | no biological activity was tested | [52] |
96 | A. sp. Z-4 | the intestinal of the marine isopod Ligia oceanica | weak cytotoxic activities against PC3 cell line | [53] |
97 | A. sp. SCSIOW2 | the deep marine sediment (2439 m) collected in the South China Sea | weak inhibitory activity on NO production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/INF-γ | [56] |
98 | A. violaceofuscus | the inner part of marine sponge Reniochalina sp. collected from Xisha Islands in South China Sea | nonsignificant anti-inflammatory activity against IL-10 expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [44] |
99 | A. violaceofuscus | the inner part of marine sponge Reniochalina sp. collected from Xisha Islands in South China Sea | potent anti-inflammatory activity against IL-10 expression of the LPS-induced THP-1 cells | [44] |
100 | A. versicolor ZLN-60 | the mud (depth, 20 m) of the Yellow Sea, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities and lipid-lowering effect | [57] |
A. sp. BM-05 and BM-05ML | a brown algal species belonging to the genus Sargassum collected off Helgoland, North Sea, Germany | moderate cytotoxicities against K562, HCT116, A2780, and A2780CisR cell lines | [58] | |
101 | A. versicolor ZLN-60 | the mud (depth, 20 m) of the Yellow Sea, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities and lipid-lowering effect | [57] |
102 | A. versicolor ZLN-60 | the mud (depth, 20 m) of the Yellow Sea, China | potent lipid-lowering effect; nonsignificant cytotoxic activities | [57] |
103 | A. versicolor ZLN-60 | the mud (depth, 20 m) of the Yellow Sea, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities and lipid-lowering effect | [57] |
104 | A. versicolor ZLN-60 | the mud (depth, 20 m) of the Yellow Sea, China | nonsignificant cytotoxic activities and lipid-lowering effect | [57] |
105 | A. terreus SCSGAF0162 | the gorgonian coral Echinogorgia aurantiaca in the South China Sea | nonsignificant antifouling activity towards larvae of the barnacle B. amphitrite | [59] |
106 | A. sp. SCSIO 41501 | the gorgonian Melitodes squamata collected from the South China Sea, Sanya, China | moderate antiviral activity against HSV-1 under non-cytotoxic concentrations against Vero cells | [23] |
107 | A. similanensis KUFA 0013 | the marine sponge Rhabdermia sp. collected in coral reef of Similan Islands, Phang Nga, Thailand | nonsignificant cytotoxic and antibacterial activities | [60] |
108 | A. versicolor TA01-14 | a gorgonian Carijoa sp. GX-WZ-2010001 collected in Weizhou coral reefs in the South China Sea | weak cytotoxic activity; nonsignificant brine shrimp lethality, antibacterial and antiviral activities, as well as AChE, Top I, and α-glucosacharase inhibition | [61] |
109 | A. similanensis KUFA 0013 | the marine sponge Rhabdermia sp. collected in coral reef of Similan Islands, Phang Nga, Thailand | weak cytotoxicity; nonsignificant antibacterial activities against four reference strains | [60] |
110 | A. niger SCSIO Jcsw6F30 | a marine alga Sargassum sp. collected in Yongxing Island, South China Sea | potent cytotoxic activity against TZM-bl cells; moderate anti-HIV-1 activity against HIV-1 SF162 | [62] |
111 | A. niger SCSIO Jcsw6F30 | a marine alga Sargassum sp. collected in Yongxing Island, South China Sea | no biological activity was tested | [62] |
112 | A. sp. XS20090B15 | the Muricella abnormaliz gorgonian collected from the Xisha Islands coral reef in South China Sea | nonsignificant antiviral activity against RSV virus-induced cytopathogenicity in Hep-2 cells | [63] |
113 | A. sp. XS20090B15 | the Muricella abnormaliz gorgonian collected from the Xisha Islands coral reef in South China Sea | potent antiviral activity against RSV virus-induced cytopathogenicity in Hep-2 cells | [63] |
114 | A. versicolor A-21-2-7 | the deep-sea sediment (3002 m) in South China Sea | no biological activity was tested | [64] |
115 | A. flavus KMM 4650 | Sakhalin Bay marine sediments (32 m, Sea of Okhotsk) | nonsignificant antimicrobial activity | [65] |
116 | A. versicolor | the inner part of gorgonian D. gemmacea collected from the Xisha Islands coral reef of the South China Sea | moderate antibacterial activities and brine shrimp lethality; nonsignificant cytotoxicities | [66] |
117 | A. versicolor | the inner part of gorgonian D. gemmacea collected from the Xisha Islands coral reef of the South China Sea | moderate antibacterial activities and brine shrimp lethality; nonsignificant cytotoxicities | [66] |
118 | A. ochraceus LCJ11-102 | the gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea (Valenciennes) collected in Lingao, Hainan province of China | moderate antimicrobial activity against E. aerogenes; nonsignificant cytotoxic activities | [67] |
119 | A. ochraceus LCJ11-102 | the gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea (Valenciennes) collected in Lingao, Hainan province of China | nonsignificant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities | [67] |
120 | A. ochraceus LCJ11-102 | the gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea (Valenciennes) collected in Lingao, Hainan province of China | nonsignificant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities | [67] |
121 | A. ochraceus LCJ11-102 | the gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea (Valenciennes) collected in Lingao, Hainan province of China | moderate antimicrobial activity against E. aerogenes; nonsignificant cytotoxic activities | [67] |
122 | A. ochraceus LCJ11-102 | the gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea (Valenciennes) collected in Lingao, Hainan province of China | nonsignificant antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities | [67] |
123 | A. sclerotiorum and P. citrinum | the gorgonian Muricella flexuosa collected from the South China Sea, Sanya, Hainan Province, China | potent brine shrimp lethality and cytotoxic activities; nonsignificant antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities | [49] |
124 | A. sclerotiorum and P. citrinum | the gorgonian Muricella flexuosa collected from the South China Sea, Sanya, Hainan Province, China | moderate brine shrimp lethality and cytotoxic activities; nonsignificant antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities | [49] |
125 | A. sp. (33241) | the mangrove Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala collected in the South China Sea | nonsignificant antibacterial and cytotoxic activities | [68] |
126 | A. terreus FA009 | the marine sediment collected in Jeju Island, Korea | moderate enhancement effect on insulin sensitivity | [69] |
127 | A. terreus FA009 | the marine sediment collected in Jeju Island, Korea | moderate enhancement effect on insulin sensitivity | [69] |
128 | A. sclerotiorum and P. citrinum | the gorgonian Muricella flexuosa collected from the South China Sea, Sanya, Hainan Province, China | weak brine shrimp lethality; nonsignificant cytotoxic, antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities | [49] |
129 | A. sydowii SP-1 | the marine sediment sample collected from site in the Antarctic Great Wall Station | weak antimicrobial activities against MRSA and MRSE | [70] |
130 | A. sp. WU 243 | the crab Xenograpsus testudinatus collected from a Kueishantao hydrothermal vent, Taiwan, China | no biological activity was tested | [71] |
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Xu, K.; Yuan, X.-L.; Li, C.; Li, a.X.-D. Recent Discovery of Heterocyclic Alkaloids from Marine-Derived Aspergillus Species. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18010054
Xu K, Yuan X-L, Li C, Li aX-D. Recent Discovery of Heterocyclic Alkaloids from Marine-Derived Aspergillus Species. Marine Drugs. 2020; 18(1):54. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18010054
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Kuo, Xiao-Long Yuan, Chen Li, and and Xiao-Dong Li. 2020. "Recent Discovery of Heterocyclic Alkaloids from Marine-Derived Aspergillus Species" Marine Drugs 18, no. 1: 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/md18010054