Cyanobacterial Siderophores—Physiology, Structure, Biosynthesis, and Applications
Department of Biotechnology, PhotoSynLab, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(5), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17050281
Received: 11 March 2019 / Revised: 6 May 2019 / Accepted: 7 May 2019 / Published: 10 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Compounds from Cyanobacteria II)
Siderophores are low-molecular-weight metal chelators that function in microbial iron uptake. As iron limits primary productivity in many environments, siderophores are of great ecological importance. Additionally, their metal binding properties have attracted interest for uses in medicine and bioremediation. Here, we review the current state of knowledge concerning the siderophores produced by cyanobacteria. We give an overview of all cyanobacterial species with known siderophore production, finding siderophores produced in all but the most basal clades, and in a wide variety of environments. We explore what is known about the structure, biosynthesis, and cycling of the cyanobacterial siderophores that have been characterized: Synechobactin, schizokinen and anachelin. We also highlight alternative siderophore functionality and technological potential, finding allelopathic effects on competing phytoplankton and likely roles in limiting heavy-metal toxicity. Methodological improvements in siderophore characterization and detection are briefly described. Since most known cyanobacterial siderophores have not been structurally characterized, the application of mass spectrometry techniques will likely reveal a breadth of variation within these important molecules.
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Keywords:
cyanobacteria; siderophore; anachelin; synechobactin; schizokinen; Synechococcus; Anabaena
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MDPI and ACS Style
Årstøl, E.; Hohmann-Marriott, M.F. Cyanobacterial Siderophores—Physiology, Structure, Biosynthesis, and Applications. Mar. Drugs 2019, 17, 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17050281
AMA Style
Årstøl E, Hohmann-Marriott MF. Cyanobacterial Siderophores—Physiology, Structure, Biosynthesis, and Applications. Marine Drugs. 2019; 17(5):281. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17050281
Chicago/Turabian StyleÅrstøl, Erland; Hohmann-Marriott, Martin F. 2019. "Cyanobacterial Siderophores—Physiology, Structure, Biosynthesis, and Applications" Mar. Drugs 17, no. 5: 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17050281
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