Production, Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Collagen Membranes Derived from Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Fibrillar Collagen Suspensions Extraction and Characterization
2.2. Viscosity Evaluation
2.3. Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis of the FSs
2.4. Qualitative Evaluation of the FSs by Histological Methods
2.5. Sponge Collagen Membrane Production
2.6. SCMs Characterization
2.6.1. Mechanical Tests
2.6.2. In Vitro Resistance to Enzymatic Degradation
2.6.3. Water Binding Capacity
2.6.4. Biocompatibility
2.6.5. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) Analysis
2.7. DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Sponge Sampling
4.2. Fibrillar Collagen Suspension Extracts
4.3. FS Characterization
4.3.1. BCA Total Protein Quantification
4.3.2. Collagen Quantification
4.3.3. Alcian Blue GAG Assay
4.3.4 Transmission Electron Microscopy: Negative Staining
4.3.5. FS Qualitative Evaluation by Histological Methods
4.3.6. Rheological Characterization
4.4. SCM Production
4.5. SCM Characterization
4.5.1. In Vitro Enzymatic Resistance
4.5.2. Water Binding Capacity
4.5.3. Dynamic Mechanical Tests
4.6. SCM Biocompatibility Evaluation
4.6.1. Cell Cultures
4.6.2. Cell Growth and Cell Adhesion
4.6.3. Light and ESEM Microscopy
4.7. DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity
4.8. Statistical Analyses
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample # | Extraction Method | mg FS/g Dry Tissue | mg Collagen/g Dry Tissue | mg GAG/g Dry Tissue |
F1 | 0.1% tryp, 2 rounds in H2O 1 | 338.27 ± 25.23 | 192.13 ± 22.15 | 12.85 ± 5.10 |
F2 | 8 M urea, tris 0.1 M, pH 9, βMe, EDTA 2 | 422.83 ± 68.15 | 24.16 ± 1.30 | 20.44 ± 8.79 |
F3 | NaCl 1 M, tris 50 mM pH 7.4, EDTA, βMe 3 | 998.35 ± 16.12 | 355.68 ± 56.01 | 26.89 ± 7.52 |
F4 | NaCl 0.5 M, tris 0.1 M pH 8, EDTA, βMe 4 | 837.21 ± 75.87 | 139.02 ± 44.63 | 19.78 ± 3.67 |
Sample # | % Soluble Proteins/FS | % Collagen/Proteins | % GAG/FS | % Collagen/FS | RC/GAG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 95.00 | 57.34 | 3.80 | 56.81 | 14.95 |
F2 | 34.00 | 16.76 | 4.83 | 5.73 | 1.18 |
F3 | 64.80 | 48.08 | 2.68 | 35.65 | 13.23 |
F4 | 27.39 | 60.62 | 2.36 | 16.63 | 6.99 |
Sample # | η0 (mPa s) | η∞ (mPa s) |
---|---|---|
F1 | 495 | 3.84 |
F2 | 911 | 3.93 |
F3 | 2412 | 3.90 |
F4 | 336 | 1.70 |
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Pozzolini, M.; Scarfì, S.; Gallus, L.; Castellano, M.; Vicini, S.; Cortese, K.; Gagliani, M.C.; Bertolino, M.; Costa, G.; Giovine, M. Production, Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Collagen Membranes Derived from Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847. Mar. Drugs 2018, 16, 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16040111
Pozzolini M, Scarfì S, Gallus L, Castellano M, Vicini S, Cortese K, Gagliani MC, Bertolino M, Costa G, Giovine M. Production, Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Collagen Membranes Derived from Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847. Marine Drugs. 2018; 16(4):111. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16040111
Chicago/Turabian StylePozzolini, Marina, Sonia Scarfì, Lorenzo Gallus, Maila Castellano, Silvia Vicini, Katia Cortese, Maria Cristina Gagliani, Marco Bertolino, Gabriele Costa, and Marco Giovine. 2018. "Production, Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Collagen Membranes Derived from Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847" Marine Drugs 16, no. 4: 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16040111
APA StylePozzolini, M., Scarfì, S., Gallus, L., Castellano, M., Vicini, S., Cortese, K., Gagliani, M. C., Bertolino, M., Costa, G., & Giovine, M. (2018). Production, Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Collagen Membranes Derived from Marine Sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo, 1847. Marine Drugs, 16(4), 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/md16040111