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Production of Avaroferrin and Putrebactin by Heterologous Expression of a Deep-Sea Metagenomic DNA
1
Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
2
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mar. Drugs 2014, 12(9), 4799-4809; https://doi.org/10.3390/md12094799
Received: 28 June 2014 / Revised: 12 August 2014 / Accepted: 1 September 2014 / Published: 12 September 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and New Perspectives in Marine Biotechnology)
The siderophore avaroferrin (1), an inhibitor of Vibrio swarming that was recently identified in Shewanella algae B516, was produced by heterologous expression of the biosynthetic gene cluster cloned from a deep-sea sediment metagenomic DNA, together with two analogues, bisucaberin (2) and putrebactin (3). Avaroferrin (1) is a macrocyclic heterodimer of N-hydroxy-N-succinyl cadaverine (4) and N-hydroxy-N-succinyl-putrescine (5), whereas analogues 2 and 3 are homodimers of 4 and 5, respectively. Heterologous expression of two other related genes from culturable marine bacteria resulted in production of compounds 1–3, but in quite different proportions compared with production through expression of the metagenomic DNA.
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Keywords:
metagenome; siderophore; avaroferrin; biosynthesis; heterologous expression
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MDPI and ACS Style
Fujita, M.J.; Sakai, R. Production of Avaroferrin and Putrebactin by Heterologous Expression of a Deep-Sea Metagenomic DNA. Mar. Drugs 2014, 12, 4799-4809.
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