Bioproduction of Chitooligosaccharides: Present and Perspectives
Division of Applied Bioscience & Biotechnology, Institute of Environment-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mar. Drugs 2014, 12(11), 5328-5356; https://doi.org/10.3390/md12115328
Received: 19 August 2014 / Revised: 20 October 2014 / Accepted: 21 October 2014 / Published: 28 October 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Marine Chitin and Chitosan)
Chitin and chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) have been traditionally obtained by chemical digestion with strong acids. In light of the difficulties associated with these traditional production processes, environmentally compatible and reproducible production alternatives are desirable. Unlike chemical digestion, biodegradation of chitin and chitosan by enzymes or microorganisms does not require the use of toxic chemicals or excessive amounts of wastewater. Enzyme preparations with chitinase, chitosanase, and lysozymeare primarily used to hydrolyze chitin and chitosan. Commercial preparations of cellulase, protease, lipase, and pepsin provide another opportunity for oligosaccharide production. In addition to their hydrolytic activities, the transglycosylation activity of chitinolytic enzymes might be exploited for the synthesis of desired chitin oligomers and their derivatives. Chitin deacetylase is also potentially useful for the preparation of oligosaccharides. Recently, direct production of oligosaccharides from chitin and crab shells by a combination of mechanochemical grinding and enzymatic hydrolysis has been reported. Together with these, other emerging technologies such as direct degradation of chitin from crustacean shells and microbial cell walls, enzymatic synthesis of COS from small building blocks, and protein engineering technology for chitin-related enzymes have been discussed as the most significant challenge for industrial application.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
bioproduction; chitooligosaccharides; chitin deacetylase; chitinase; chitosanase; enzymatic hydrolysis; transglycosylation ; chemoenzymatic glycosylation
▼
Show Figures
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Jung, W.-J.; Park, R.-D. Bioproduction of Chitooligosaccharides: Present and Perspectives. Mar. Drugs 2014, 12, 5328-5356.
AMA Style
Jung W-J, Park R-D. Bioproduction of Chitooligosaccharides: Present and Perspectives. Marine Drugs. 2014; 12(11):5328-5356.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung, Woo-Jin; Park, Ro-Dong. 2014. "Bioproduction of Chitooligosaccharides: Present and Perspectives" Mar. Drugs 12, no. 11: 5328-5356.
Find Other Styles
Search more from Scilit