Sex-Based Risk Evaluation in Acute Coronary Events—A Study Conducted on an Eastern-European Population
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Recruitment
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Characteristics
- 1.
- Myocardial Infarction (MI) vs. Unstable Angina (UA) by sex
Male | Female | |
---|---|---|
MI | 116 | 30 |
UA | 109 | 44 |
- Odds Ratio (OR): (116/109) (30/44) = 116 × 44/109 × 30 ≈ 1.56
- 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.92 − 2.650.92 − 2.65
- Interpretation: Males had 1.56 times higher odds of MI compared to UA than females, but this association was not statistically significant (p = 0.100).
- 2.
- CABG vs. PCI by sex
Male | Female | |
---|---|---|
CABG | 53 | 11 |
PCI | 172 | 63 |
- Odds Ratio (OR): (53/172) (11/63) = 53 × 63/172 × 11 ≈ 1.77
- 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.87 − 3.59.
- Interpretation: Males had 1.77 times higher odds of undergoing CABG compared to PCI than females, but this association was not statistically significant (p = 0.114).
3.2. Age-Adjusted Sex Comparisons
3.3. Smoking Habits
3.4. Comorbidities
3.5. Multivariate Logostic Regression
3.6. Follow-Up
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | All Patients (n = 299) | Males (n = 225) | Females (n = 74) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics and clinical | ||||
Age, years | 61.21 ± 9.4 | 60.51 ± 9.3 | 63.32 ± 9.3 | 0.026 |
Height, m | 1.7 ± 0.08 | 1.73 ± 0.1 | 1.61 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
Weight, kg | 86.59 ± 16.2 | 88.35 ± 15.7 | 81.24 ± 16.7 | 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.9 ± 5.3 | 29.48 ± 4.99 | 31.20 ± 6.1 | 0.029 |
Abdominal circumference, cm | 105.19 ± 13.6 | 105.92 ± 13.5 | 102.98 ± 13.5 | 0.107 |
Neck circumference, cm | 38.27 ± 4.8 | 39.09 ± 4.7/8 | 35.75 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 136.7 ± 19.8 | 137.87 ± 20.2 | 132.98 ± 18.1 | 0.053 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 81.31 ± 11.2 | 82.13 ± 11.4 | 79.10 ± 10.3 | 0.034 |
Heart rate, bpm | 70.18 ± 39.8 | 70.83 ± 45.6 | 68.21 ± 8.95 | 0.416 |
CO, p.p.m. (mean, IQR) | 3.0 (2.0) | 4.5 (5.7) | 4.67 (6.5) | 0.908 * |
Blood glucose, mmol/L (mean, IQR) | 7.0 (2.2) | 7.75 (2.71) | 7.30 (1.9) | 0.125 * |
Albumin/creatinine ratio, mg/g (mean, IQR) | 6.3 (7.3) | 24.19 (79.9) | 14.24 (21.5) | 0.042 * |
Ejection fraction, % (mean, IQR) | 50.0 (5.0) | 47.07 (8.1) | 48.92 (5.6) | 0.121 * |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL (mean, IQR) | 1.20 (0.3) | 1.29 (0.5) | 1.10 (0.3) | <0.001 * |
Admission diagnosis and procedures | ||||
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 146 (49) | 116 (79.45) | 30 (20.54) | 0.100 |
Unstable angina, n (%) | 153 (51) | 109 (71.24) | 44 (28.75) | |
CABG, n (%) | 64 (21) | 53 (82.81) | 11 (18) | 0.114 |
PCI, n (%) | 235 (79) | 172 (73.19) | 63 (26.80) |
Comparison | Age-Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p Value | Interpretation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Female vs. male—myocardial infarction | 0.69 | 0.41–1.19 | 0.18 | Women had 31% lower odds of MI than men after adjusting for age, but not significant. |
Female vs. male—PCI | 1.83 | 0.90–3.74 | 0.097 | Women had 83% higher odds of undergoing PCI compared to men, but not significant. |
Female vs. male—bypass | 0.56 | 0.27–1.14 | 0.108 | Women had 44% lower odds of undergoing bypass compared to men, after age adjustment, not significant. |
Males (n = 225) | Females (n = 74) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Active smokers, n (%) | 86 (38.2) | 24 (32.4) | 0.538 |
Former smoker, n (%) | 92 (40.9) | 17 (23.0) | 0.049 ** |
Non-smokers, n (%) | 47 (20.9) | 33 (44.6) | 0.003 ** |
Years spent smoking, mean ± SD | 32.71 ± 9.1 | 30.56 ± 10.7 | 0.387 |
Unnamed: 0 | Variable | Odds Ratio | 95%CI | p > [z] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Gender | 0.69 | 0.33–1.46 | 0.3363875661672745 |
2 | Age | 0.98 | 0.94–1.01 | 0.2193649896124957 |
3 | BMI | 1.01 | 0.95–1.07 | 0.8361810081296472 |
4 | Smoking | 2.62 | 1.32–5.18 | 0.0056811920613911 |
5 | Diabetes | 0.65 | 0.32–1.33 | 0.2410744833789785 |
6 | eGFR | 1.0 | 0.98–1.02 | 0.8713422945143566 |
Unnamed: 0. | Variable | Odds Ratio | 95%CI | p > [z] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Gender | 1.33 | 0.52–3.40 | 0.5497505352473568 |
2 | Age | 1.0 | 0.95–1.04 | 0.9498877752218704 |
3 | BMI | 1.05 | 0.97–1.13 | 0.2230201164506067 |
4 | Smoking | 1.13 | 0.49–2.62 | 0.781233636744233 |
5 | Diabetes | 0.64 | 0.28–1.47 | 0.2947966736083327 |
6 | eGFR | 1.0 | 0.98–1.03 | 0.852235818270531 |
Unnamed: 0 | Variable | Odds Ratio | 95%CI | p > [z] |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Gender | 0.75 | 0.29–1.92 | 0.5497505352473575 |
2 | Age | 1.0 | 0.96–1.05 | 0.9498877752218718 |
3 | BMI | 0.95 | 0.88–1.03 | 0.2230201164506084 |
4 | Smoking | 0.89 | 0.38–2.06 | 0.7812336367442339 |
5 | Diabetes | 1.55 | 0.68–3.54 | 0.2947966736083329 |
6 | eGFR | 1.0 | 0.97–1.02 | 0.8522358182705314 |
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Mosteoru, S.; Kundnani, N.R.; Sharma, A.; Pleava, R.; Gaita, L.; Gaiță, D.I. Sex-Based Risk Evaluation in Acute Coronary Events—A Study Conducted on an Eastern-European Population. Medicina 2025, 61, 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071227
Mosteoru S, Kundnani NR, Sharma A, Pleava R, Gaita L, Gaiță DI. Sex-Based Risk Evaluation in Acute Coronary Events—A Study Conducted on an Eastern-European Population. Medicina. 2025; 61(7):1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071227
Chicago/Turabian StyleMosteoru, Svetlana, Nilima Rajpal Kundnani, Abhinav Sharma, Roxana Pleava, Laura Gaita, and Dan Ion Gaiță. 2025. "Sex-Based Risk Evaluation in Acute Coronary Events—A Study Conducted on an Eastern-European Population" Medicina 61, no. 7: 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071227
APA StyleMosteoru, S., Kundnani, N. R., Sharma, A., Pleava, R., Gaita, L., & Gaiță, D. I. (2025). Sex-Based Risk Evaluation in Acute Coronary Events—A Study Conducted on an Eastern-European Population. Medicina, 61(7), 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071227