A Comparative Study on the Multidimensional Features of Hereditary and Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Study Population
Sporadic vs. Hereditary Stratification
2.3. Data and Variables
2.4. Surgical Management
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Sporadic Group (n = 66) | Hereditary Group (n = 11) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (year), Median (IQR) | 55.0 (47.0–64.0) | 35.0 (28.0–56.0) | 0.021 |
Gender, n (%) | |||
Male | 24 (36.4) | 5 (45.5) | 0.738 a |
Female | 42 (63.6) | 6 (54.5) | |
Family history of thyroid cancer, n (%) | 2 (3.0) | 7 (63.6) | <0.001 |
Thyroid function status, n (%) | |||
Hyperthyroidism | 3 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.999 a |
Hypothyroidism | 7 (10.6) | 1 (9.1) | |
Euthyroidism | 56 (84.8) | 10 (90.9) | |
Family history of other tumors n (%) | 6 (9.1) | 3 (27.2) | 0.082 |
Pheochromocytoma, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (18.2) | 0.019 a |
Free T3 (pg/mL), Median (IQR) | 3.35 (3.13–3.71) | 3.55 (3.18–4.05) | 0.095 |
Free T4 (pg/mL), Median (IQR) | 1.16 (1.08–1.26) | 1.23 (0.95–1.50) | 0.620 |
TSH (μIU/mL), Median (IQR) | 1.49 (1.05–2.60) | 1.90 (0.61–2.46) | 0.959 |
Thyroglobulin (ng/mL), Median (IQR) | 14.5 (6.1–40.5) | 15.0 (6.2–26.0) | 0.808 |
Anti-TG (IU/mL), Median (IQR) | 2.20 (0.90–15.55) | 1.00 (0.60–1.30) | 0.081 |
Anti-TPO (IU/mL), Median (IQR) | 41.0 (28.0–68.2) | 62.0 (28.0–65.0) | 0.575 |
Calcitonin (pg/mL), Median (IQR) | 217.5 (52.7–858.0) | 223.0 (21.0–3202.0) | 0.838 |
CEA (ng/mL), Median (IQR) | 5.30 (1.84–28.42) | 3.10 (1.49–42.70) | 0.738 |
Type of surgery, n (%) | |||
TT | 19 (28.8) | 1 (9.1) | 0.137 a |
TT + CLND | 26 (39.4) | 3 (27.3) | |
TT + CLND + LLND | 21 (31.8) | 7 (63.6) |
Variables | Sporadic Group (n = 66) | Hereditary Group (n = 11) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Tumor size (mm), Median (IQR) | 13.0 (7.0–22.2) | 13.0 (5.0–20.0) | 0.749 |
Variants, n (%) | |||
Isolated | 47 (71.2) | 10 (90.9) | 0.581 a |
Composite | 4 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
Collision | 15 (22.7) | 1 (9.1) | |
Right-lobe localization, n (%) | 36 (54.5) | 6 (54.5) | 0.999 b |
Left-lobe localization, n (%) | 28 (42.4) | 5 (45.5) | 0.999 a |
Isthmus localization, n (%) | 3 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.999 a |
Multicentricity, n (%) | 2 (3.0) | 4 (36.4) | 0.003 a |
Extrathyroidal extension, n (%) | 9 (9.1) | 3 (27.3) | 0.113 a |
Surgical margin positivity, n (%) | 5 (7.6) | 2 (18.2) | 0.261 a |
Capsular invasion, n (%) | 7 (10.6) | 2 (18.2) | 0.608 a |
Vascular invasion, n (%) | 20 (30.3) | 4 (36.4) | 0.732 a |
Neural invasion, n (%) | 3 (4.5) | 1 (9.1) | 0.467 a |
Concurrent PTC, n (%) | 17 (25.8) | 1 (9.1) | 0.441 a |
Variables | Sporadic Group (n = 66) | Hereditary Group (n = 11) | |
---|---|---|---|
TNM | T1aN0M0 | 27 (40.9) | 6 (54.5) |
T1aN1aM0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
T1aN1bM0 | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
T1bN0M0 | 11 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
T1bN1aM0 | 2 (3.0) | 1 (9.1) | |
T1bN1bM0 | 4 (6.1) | 2 (18.2) | |
T2N0M0 | 4 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
T2N1bM0 | 7 (10.6) | 2 (18.2) | |
T3aN0M0 | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
T3aN1bM0 | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
T3N0M0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
T3N1bM0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
T4aN1aM0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
T4aN1bM0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
Anatomical stage, n (%) | 1 | 38 (57.6) | 6 (54.5) |
2 | 7 (10.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
3 | 3 (4.5) | 1 (9.1) | |
4A | 18 (27.3) | 4 (36.4) | |
Pathological stage, n (%) | 1 | 36 (54.5) | 6 (54.5) |
2 | 6 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
3 | 9 (13.6) | 1 (9.1) | |
4 | 15 (22.7) | 4 (36.4) |
Variables | Sporadic Group (n = 69) | Hereditary Group (n = 11) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Volume (cc), Median (IQR) | 1.20 (0.30–5.85) | 1.00 (0.20–5.00) | 0.660 |
Longitudinal diameter (mm), Median (IQR) | 16.0 (10.0–26.6) | 15.0 (10.6–24.0) | 0.706 |
AP/T | 0.82 (0.70–0.90) | 0.77 (0.66–0.85) | 0.360 |
Axial localization, n (%) | |||
Right | 35 (50.7) | 4 (36.4) | 0.584 a |
Left | 31 (44.9) | 7 (63.6) | |
Isthmus | 3 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Longitudinal localization, n (%) | |||
Upper third | 8 (11.6) | 2 (18.2) | 0.745 a |
Upper two-thirds | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
Middle third | 33 (47.8) | 6 (54.5) | |
Inferior third | 5 (7.2) | 1 (9.1) | |
Lower two-thirds | 10 (14.5) | 2 (18.2) | |
Completely | 11 (15.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
Echogenicity, n (%) | |||
Hypoechoic | 26 (37.7) | 2 (18.2) | 0.276 a |
Isoechoic | 22 (31.9) | 3 (27.3) | |
Iso-hypoechoic | 21 (30.4) | 6 (54.5) | |
Calcification, n (%) | |||
No | 31 (44.9) | 7 (63.6) | 0.742 a |
Macro | 15 (21.7) | 2 (18.2) | |
Micro | 16 (23.2) | 1 (9.1) | |
Micro and macro | 7 (10.1) | 1 (9.1) | |
Halo sign, n (%) | 7 (10.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.585 a |
EU-TIRADS | |||
3 | 16 (23.2) | 4 (36.4) | 0.377 a |
4 | 19 (27.5) | 4 (36.4) | |
5 | 34 (49.3) | 3 (27.3) | |
BETHESDA | |||
1 | 0 (0.0) | 3 (27.3) | 0.018 a |
2 | 3 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
3 | 3 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
4 | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
5 | 22 (31.9) | 4 (36.4) | |
6 | 39 (56.5) | 4 (36.4) |
Variables | Sporadic Group (n = 17) | Hereditary Group (n = 1) | p |
---|---|---|---|
PTC variants | |||
Classic, n (%) | 14 (82.4) | 1 (100.0) | 0.999 a |
Follicular, n (%) | 5 (29.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.999 a |
Tall cell, n (%) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.999 a |
Warthin-like, n (%) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.999 a |
PTC localization | |||
Right, n (%) | 10 (58.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.444 a |
Left, n (%) | 8 (47.1) | 1 (100.0) | 0.999 a |
Isthmus, n (%) | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.999 a |
PTC diameter (mm), Median (IQR) | 7.0 (3.0–13.5) | 1.0 (n.a.-n.a.) | 0.111 |
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Deniz, M.S.; Nasiroglu Imga, N.; Tural Balsak, B.O.; Safak Bulut, A.; Savas, F.; Cavdarli, B.; Aydin, C.; Topaloglu, O.; Ersoy, R.; Cakir, B. A Comparative Study on the Multidimensional Features of Hereditary and Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Medicina 2025, 61, 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071164
Deniz MS, Nasiroglu Imga N, Tural Balsak BO, Safak Bulut A, Savas F, Cavdarli B, Aydin C, Topaloglu O, Ersoy R, Cakir B. A Comparative Study on the Multidimensional Features of Hereditary and Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Medicina. 2025; 61(7):1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071164
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeniz, Muzaffer Serdar, Narin Nasiroglu Imga, Belma Ozlem Tural Balsak, Asiye Safak Bulut, Furkan Savas, Busranur Cavdarli, Cevdet Aydin, Oya Topaloglu, Reyhan Ersoy, and Bekir Cakir. 2025. "A Comparative Study on the Multidimensional Features of Hereditary and Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study" Medicina 61, no. 7: 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071164
APA StyleDeniz, M. S., Nasiroglu Imga, N., Tural Balsak, B. O., Safak Bulut, A., Savas, F., Cavdarli, B., Aydin, C., Topaloglu, O., Ersoy, R., & Cakir, B. (2025). A Comparative Study on the Multidimensional Features of Hereditary and Sporadic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients: A Single-Center Retrospective Study. Medicina, 61(7), 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071164