Indoximod Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Acetic Acid-Induced Acute Colitis by Modulating Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Signaling and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Rats
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
Safety and Tolerability
2.2. Drug
2.3. Induction of Experimental Colitis and Treatment Protocol
2.4. Histological Examination of Colonic Tissue
2.5. Quantification of TLR-4 in Colon Tissue
2.6. Measurement of Plasma TNF-α, PTX3, and PAF
2.7. Statistical Analysis
G*Power Analysis
3. Result
3.1. Histopathological Score
3.2. Colon TLR-4 Level (pg/mg Tissue)
3.3. Plasma TNF-α Level (pg/mL)
3.4. Plasma Pentraxin-3 Level (ng/mL)
3.5. Plasma PAF Level (pg/mL)
3.6. General Health Observations and Tolerability
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Limitation
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control Group | Colitis Group | Colitis + Indoximod Group | |
---|---|---|---|
Histopathological score | 0.30 ± 0.15 | 3.30 ± 0.26 *** | 1.90 ± 0.23 ***,## |
Colon TLR-4 level (pg/mg tissue) | 1.31 ± 0.20 | 3.55 ± 0.25 *** | 2.20 ± 0.27 *,## |
Plasma TNF-alfa level (pg/mL) | 19.55 ± 1.63 | 58.69 ± 3.96 *** | 32.14 ± 3.45 *,### |
Plasma Pentraxin-3 level (ng/mL) | 1.25 ± 0.19 | 2.51 ± 0.30 ** | 1.68 ± 0.14 # |
Plasma PAF level (pg/mL) | 129.37 ± 5.83 | 361.95 ± 10.85 *** | 343.63 ± 11.33 *** |
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Ercan, G.; Aygun, H.; Akbaş, A.; Çınaroğlu, O.S.; Erbas, O. Indoximod Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Acetic Acid-Induced Acute Colitis by Modulating Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Signaling and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Rats. Medicina 2025, 61, 1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61061033
Ercan G, Aygun H, Akbaş A, Çınaroğlu OS, Erbas O. Indoximod Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Acetic Acid-Induced Acute Colitis by Modulating Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Signaling and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Rats. Medicina. 2025; 61(6):1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61061033
Chicago/Turabian StyleErcan, Gulcin, Hatice Aygun, Ahmet Akbaş, Osman Sezer Çınaroğlu, and Oytun Erbas. 2025. "Indoximod Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Acetic Acid-Induced Acute Colitis by Modulating Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Signaling and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Rats" Medicina 61, no. 6: 1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61061033
APA StyleErcan, G., Aygun, H., Akbaş, A., Çınaroğlu, O. S., & Erbas, O. (2025). Indoximod Attenuates Inflammatory Responses in Acetic Acid-Induced Acute Colitis by Modulating Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Signaling and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Rats. Medicina, 61(6), 1033. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61061033