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Article

Assessment of the Abnormalities in Chest Computed Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test in Convalescents Six Months After COVID-19

by
Katarzyna Guziejko
1,*,
Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
2,*,
Robert Flisiak
3,
Piotr Czupryna
2,
Sebastian Sołomacha
4,
Paweł Sowa
4,
Marlena Dubatówka
4,
Magda Łapińska
4,
Łukasz Kiszkiel
5,
Łukasz Szczerbiński
6,7,
Piotr Paweł Laskowski
5,
Maciej Alimowski
8,
Gabriela Trojan
2,* and
Karol Adam Kamiński
4,*
1
2nd Department of Lung Diseases, Lung Cancer and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
2
Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
3
Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
4
Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
5
Society and Cognition Unit, University of Bialystok, 15-328 Bialystok, Poland
6
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
7
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
8
Doctoral School of Social Sciences, University of Bialystok, 15-328 Bialystok, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Medicina 2025, 61(5), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61050823
Submission received: 8 April 2025 / Revised: 22 April 2025 / Accepted: 26 April 2025 / Published: 29 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Imaging and Diagnostics in Lung Disease: A Multimodal Approach)
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Abstract

Background: Despite the multiple waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, follow-up strategies for recovered patients remain inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate chest computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary function test (PFT) abnormalities in convalescents six months after COVID-19 and to compare these findings with those from a representative population cohort. The goal was to support more individualized pulmonary management of post-COVID-19 sequelae. Methods: This study population consisted of 2 groups: I—232 post-COVID-19 patients and II—543 patients from a population cohort. Chest CT was performed during the acute phase of COVID-19 and six months after. The PFTs were conducted six months after COVID-19. Results: There were no significant differences in FEV1, FVC, TLC, and DLCO in the two study groups. A singular GGO in 24 patients (20%), a crazy paving pattern in 1 patient (0.8%), thickening of interlobular septa in 4 patients (3.5%), consolidations in 4 patients (3.5%), traction bronchiectasis in 6 patients (5%), fibrosis in 6 patients (5%), and singular nodular densities in 68 patients (58%) were observed in chest CT 6 months after COVID-19. Most radiological abnormalities were clinically insignificant and did not require further diagnostic evaluation. No significant differences in chest CT and PFT six months after infection were observed between patients differing in the severity of inflammation during the acute disease or SARS-CoV-2 variant. Conclusions: The majority of chest CT abnormalities resolved within six months of recovery, regardless of SARS-CoV-2 variant or initial disease severity. Pulmonary function tests should be prioritized in post-COVID-19 follow-up, as PFT results in convalescents were comparable to those observed in the general population.
Keywords: COVID-19; chest CT; body plethysmography; DLCO; dynamic spirometry COVID-19; chest CT; body plethysmography; DLCO; dynamic spirometry

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MDPI and ACS Style

Guziejko, K.; Moniuszko-Malinowska, A.; Flisiak, R.; Czupryna, P.; Sołomacha, S.; Sowa, P.; Dubatówka, M.; Łapińska, M.; Kiszkiel, Ł.; Szczerbiński, Ł.; et al. Assessment of the Abnormalities in Chest Computed Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test in Convalescents Six Months After COVID-19. Medicina 2025, 61, 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61050823

AMA Style

Guziejko K, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Flisiak R, Czupryna P, Sołomacha S, Sowa P, Dubatówka M, Łapińska M, Kiszkiel Ł, Szczerbiński Ł, et al. Assessment of the Abnormalities in Chest Computed Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test in Convalescents Six Months After COVID-19. Medicina. 2025; 61(5):823. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61050823

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guziejko, Katarzyna, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska, Robert Flisiak, Piotr Czupryna, Sebastian Sołomacha, Paweł Sowa, Marlena Dubatówka, Magda Łapińska, Łukasz Kiszkiel, Łukasz Szczerbiński, and et al. 2025. "Assessment of the Abnormalities in Chest Computed Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test in Convalescents Six Months After COVID-19" Medicina 61, no. 5: 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61050823

APA Style

Guziejko, K., Moniuszko-Malinowska, A., Flisiak, R., Czupryna, P., Sołomacha, S., Sowa, P., Dubatówka, M., Łapińska, M., Kiszkiel, Ł., Szczerbiński, Ł., Laskowski, P. P., Alimowski, M., Trojan, G., & Kamiński, K. A. (2025). Assessment of the Abnormalities in Chest Computed Tomography and Pulmonary Function Test in Convalescents Six Months After COVID-19. Medicina, 61(5), 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61050823

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