Investigation of Microvascular Involvement Through Nailfold Capillaroscopic Examination in Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Statistical Analysis
2.2. Findings
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
FMF | Familial Mediterranean fever |
NFC | Nailfold capillaroscopy |
PAN | Polyarteritis nodosa |
PKN1 | Protein kinase N1 |
PKN2 | Protein kinase N2 |
IL-1 | Interleukin-1 |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
CRP | C-reactive protein |
SAA | Serum amyloid A |
µL | Microliter |
mg/dL | Milligrams/deciliter |
mm/h | Millimeters/hour |
References
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Groups | p | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient (n = 60) | Control (n = 30) | Total (n = 90) | ||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
Gender | Boy | 28 | 46.7 | 10 | 33.3 | 38 | 42.2 | 0.227 |
Girl | 32 | 53.3 | 20 | 66.7 | 52 | 57.8 | ||
Nail-Biting Habit | Presence | 36 | 60 | 9 | 30 | 45 | 50 | 0.007 |
Absence | 24 | 40 | 21 | 70 | 45 | 50 | ||
Age * | 11.9 ± 3.6 (5–18) | 12.2 ± 3.7 (5–17) | 12 ± 3.6(5–18) | 0.697 |
n | % | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms | Fever | Yes | 21 | 35 | 0.027 |
No | 39 | 65 | |||
Abdominal Pain | Yes | 49 | 81.7 | <0.001 | |
No | 11 | 18.3 | |||
Joint Pain | Yes | 39 | 65 | 0.027 | |
No | 21 | 35 | |||
Chest Pain | Yes | 4 | 6.7 | <0.001 | |
No | 56 | 93.3 | |||
Erysipelas-Like Rash | Yes | 1 | 1.7 | <0.001 | |
No | 59 | 98.3 | |||
Myalgia | Yes | 2 | 3.3 | <0.001 | |
No | 58 | 96.7 | |||
Laboratory Results | Hemoglobin (g/dL) * | 12.3 ± 1.4 | |||
Leukocyte Count (×103/µL) * | 6.9 ± 2 | ||||
Platelet Count (×103/µL) * | 299 ± 67.5 | ||||
CRP (mg/dL) * | 0.6 ± 1.5 | ||||
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (mm/h) * | 14.8 ± 12 | ||||
SAA Levels (mg/L) | 10.4 ± 19.7 | ||||
High SAA Levels | Yes | 12 | 27.9 | ||
No | 31 | 72.1 |
n | % | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Response to colchicine treatment | Yes | 36 | 61 | 0.117 |
Partial | 23 | 39 | ||
Adherence to colchicine treatment | Yes | 44 | 74.6 | <0.001 |
No | 4 | 6.8 | ||
Partial | 11 | 18.6 | ||
Proteinuria | Yes | 16 | 26.7 | <0.001 |
No | 44 | 73.3 | ||
Subclinical inflammation | Yes | 7 | 11.7 | <0.001 |
No | 53 | 88.3 | ||
Comorbidities | Yes | 8 | 13.3 | <0.001 |
No | 52 | 86.7 | ||
Familial history | Yes | 47 | 78.3 | <0.001 |
No | 13 | 21.7 | ||
Gene exon-10 group | Exon-10 | 31 | 51.7 | 0.897 |
non-exon-10 | 29 | 48.3 | ||
FMF onset age * | 5.5 ± 3.2 (1–15) | |||
FMF diagnosis age * | 6.2 ± 3.6 (1–15) | |||
Disease duration * | 6.4 ± 2.6 (1–14) |
Group | p | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient | Control | Total | |||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | ||||
A (Hairpin-shaped capillaries) | Yes | 34 | 56.7 | 29 | 96.7 | 63 | 70 | <0.001 | |
No | 26 | 43.3 | 1 | 3.3 | 27 | 30 | |||
B (Avascular areas) | B1 | Yes | 47 | 78.3 | 0 | 0 | 47 | 52.2 | <0.001 |
No | 13 | 21.7 | 30 | 100 | 43 | 47.8 | |||
B2 | Yes | 39 | 65 | 9 | 30 | 48 | 53.3 | 0.002 | |
No | 21 | 35 | 21 | 70 | 42 | 46.7 | |||
B3 | Yes | 34 | 56.7 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 37.8 | <0.001 | |
No | 26 | 43.3 | 30 | 100 | 56 | 62.2 | |||
H (Microhemorrhages) | H0 | Yes | 10 | 16.7 | 3 | 10 | 13 | 14.4 | 0.532 |
No | 50 | 83.3 | 27 | 90 | 77 | 85.6 | |||
H1 | Yes | 33 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 36.7 | <0.001 | |
No | 27 | 45 | 30 | 100 | 57 | 63.3 | |||
H2 | Yes | 12 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 13.3 | 0.007 | |
No | 48 | 80 | 30 | 100 | 78 | 86.7 | |||
C (Cross-linked capillaries) | Yes | 4 | 6.7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4.4 | 0.297 | |
No | 56 | 93.3 | 30 | 100 | 86 | 95.6 | |||
T (Tortuous capillaries) | T0 | Yes | 2 | 3.3 | 1 | 3.3 | 3 | 3.3 | 0.999 |
No | 58 | 96.7 | 29 | 96.7 | 87 | 96.7 | |||
T1 | Yes | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.3 | 1 | 1.1 | 0.333 | |
No | 60 | 100 | 29 | 96.7 | 89 | 98.9 | |||
E (Elongated capillaries) | Yes | 4 | 6.7 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4.4 | 0.297 | |
No | 56 | 93.3 | 30 | 100 | 86 | 95.6 | |||
N (Neoangiogenesis) | Yes | 20 | 33.3 | 7 | 23.3 | 27 | 30 | 0.329 | |
No | 40 | 66.7 | 23 | 76.7 | 63 | 70 | |||
J (Shortened loops) | Yes | 20 | 33.3 | 17 | 56.7 | 37 | 41.1 | 0.034 | |
No | 40 | 66.7 | 13 | 43.3 | 53 | 58.9 |
Disease Duration | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | Q1 | Q3 | |||
Proteinuria | Yes | 6 | 4.5 | 7 | 0.500 |
No | 6 | 5 | 8 | ||
Subclinical inflammation | Yes | 6 | 4 | 9 | 0.735 |
No | 6 | 5 | 8 | ||
Capillaroscopic findings | |||||
B1 | Yes | 6 | 5 | 8 | 0.971 |
No | 6 | 4 | 7 | ||
B2 | Yes | 6 | 5 | 8 | 0.191 |
No | 7 | 6 | 8 | ||
B3 | Yes | 6 | 5 | 8 | 0.804 |
No | 6 | 4 | 7 | ||
H1 | Yes | 6 | 5 | 7 | 0.449 |
No | 6 | 5 | 9 | ||
H2 | Yes | 6 | 4 | 6.5 | 0.176 |
No | 6 | 5 | 8.5 | ||
J | Yes | 6.5 | 5 | 8 | 0.579 |
No | 6 | 4 | 8 |
Genetic Test Groups | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exon 10 | Non-Exon-10 | |||||
n | % | n | % | |||
B1 | Yes | 23 | 74.2 | 24 | 82.8 | 0.421 |
No | 8 | 25.8 | 5 | 17.2 | ||
B2 | Yes | 23 | 74.2 | 16 | 55.2 | 0.123 |
No | 8 | 25.8 | 13 | 44.8 | ||
B3 | Yes | 19 | 61.3 | 15 | 51.7 | 0.455 |
No | 12 | 38.7 | 14 | 48.3 | ||
H1 | Yes | 15 | 48.4 | 18 | 62.1 | 0.287 |
No | 16 | 51.6 | 11 | 37.9 | ||
H2 | Yes | 8 | 25.8 | 4 | 13.8 | 0.245 |
No | 23 | 74.2 | 25 | 86.2 | ||
J | Yes | 11 | 35.5 | 9 | 31.0 | 0.715 |
No | 20 | 64.5 | 20 | 69.0 |
Response to Treatment & | Adherence to Treatment # | p | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | Partial | Yes | No | Partial | ||||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
B1 | Yes | 27 | 75 | 19 | 82.6 | 34 | 77.3 | 3 | 75 | 9 | 81.8 | 0.492 & 0.999 # |
No | 9 | 25 | 4 | 17.4 | 10 | 22.7 | 1 | 25 | 2 | 18.2 | ||
B2 | Yes | 25 | 69.4 | 14 | 60.9 | 29 | 65.9 | 3 | 75 | 7 | 63.6 | 0.497 & 0.999 # |
No | 11 | 30.6 | 9 | 39.1 | 15 | 34.1 | 1 | 25 | 4 | 36.4 | ||
B3 | Yes | 23 | 63.9 | 10 | 43.5 | 23 | 52.3 | 3 | 75 | 7 | 63.6 | 0.124 & 0.659 # |
No | 13 | 36.1 | 13 | 56.5 | 21 | 47.7 | 1 | 25 | 4 | 36.4 | ||
H1 | Yes | 20 | 55.6 | 13 | 56.5 | 24 | 54.5 | 2 | 50 | 7 | 63.6 | 0.942 & 0.901 # |
No | 16 | 44.4 | 10 | 43.5 | 20 | 45.5 | 2 | 50 | 4 | 36.4 | ||
H2 | Yes | 7 | 19.4 | 5 | 21.7 | 9 | 20.5 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 27.3 | 0.999 & 0.739 # |
No | 29 | 80.6 | 18 | 78.3 | 35 | 79.5 | 4 | 100 | 8 | 72.7 | ||
J | Yes | 13 | 36.1 | 7 | 30.4 | 13 | 29.5 | 1 | 25 | 6 | 54.5 | 0.653 & 0.272 # |
No | 23 | 63.9 | 16 | 69.6 | 31 | 70.5 | 3 | 75 | 5 | 45.5 |
Comorbidity | p | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||||
n | % | n | % | |||
A | Yes | 6 | 75 | 28 | 53.8 | 0.446 |
No | 2 | 25 | 24 | 46.2 | ||
B1 | Yes | 6 | 75 | 41 | 78.8 | 0.999 |
No | 2 | 25 | 11 | 21.2 | ||
B2 | Yes | 7 | 87.5 | 32 | 61.5 | 0.241 |
No | 1 | 12.5 | 20 | 38.5 | ||
B3 | Yes | 5 | 62.5 | 29 | 55.8 | 0.999 |
No | 3 | 37.5 | 23 | 44.2 | ||
H1 | Yes | 3 | 37.5 | 30 | 57.7 | 0.448 |
No | 5 | 62.5 | 22 | 42.3 | ||
H2 | Yes | 1 | 12.5 | 11 | 21.2 | 0.999 |
No | 7 | 87.5 | 41 | 78.8 | ||
J | Yes | 3 | 37.5 | 17 | 32.7 | 0.999 |
No | 5 | 62.5 | 35 | 67.3 |
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Kurt, F.; Uyar, B.; Erguven, M.; Cangur, S. Investigation of Microvascular Involvement Through Nailfold Capillaroscopic Examination in Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever. Medicina 2025, 61, 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61020264
Kurt F, Uyar B, Erguven M, Cangur S. Investigation of Microvascular Involvement Through Nailfold Capillaroscopic Examination in Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever. Medicina. 2025; 61(2):264. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61020264
Chicago/Turabian StyleKurt, Fatih, Belkız Uyar, Muferet Erguven, and Sengul Cangur. 2025. "Investigation of Microvascular Involvement Through Nailfold Capillaroscopic Examination in Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever" Medicina 61, no. 2: 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61020264
APA StyleKurt, F., Uyar, B., Erguven, M., & Cangur, S. (2025). Investigation of Microvascular Involvement Through Nailfold Capillaroscopic Examination in Children with Familial Mediterranean Fever. Medicina, 61(2), 264. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61020264