The Role of the Mediterranean Diet and Alcohol Consumption in Chronic Liver Disease Prevention: A Narrative Review
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Mediterranean Diet and Global Metabolic Regulation
2.1. The Mediterranean Diet Pattern
2.2. Mediterranean Diet and Health
3. Mediterranean Diet and MASLD
3.1. MASLD: Prevalence, Prevention, and Treatment
3.2. MASLD and Mediterranean Diet: Intervention Trials
3.3. MASLD and Mediterranean Diet: Observational Studies
4. Alcohol Consumption and MASLD
4.1. Wine in the Mediterranean Diet
4.2. Alcohol, a Toxic Substance
4.3. Age-Stratified Recommendations
4.4. Alcohol and MASLD
4.5. The UNATI Trial
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MedDiet | Mediterranean diet |
CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
RCT | Randomized controlled trial |
MDS | Mediterranean diet score |
MR | Mendelian randomization |
WHO | World Health Organization |
IARC | International Agency for Research on Cancer |
UNATI | University of Navarra Alumni Trialist Initiative |
PREDIMED | PREvencion con Dieta MEDiterranea |
OS | Oxidative stress |
LDL | Low-density lipoprotein |
HDL | High-density lipoprotein |
BMI | Body mass index |
NAFLD | Non alcoholic fatty liver disease |
MASLD | Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease |
EVOO | Extra virgin olive oil |
HbA1c | Glycated hemoglobin |
FLI | Fatty liver index |
CYP2E1 | Cytochrome P450 2E1 |
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Metabolic Condition | Benefits of the MedDiet | Key Studies |
---|---|---|
Insulin sensitivity | Improved insulin sensitivity; reduced fasting glucose and HbA1c. | [36,37,38] |
Lipid profile | Reduced triglycerides and LDL-C; increased HDL-C. | [11,21] |
Body weight | Contributes to weight loss and maintenance. | [39] |
Inflammation and OS | Improved inflammatory markers and reduced OS. | [8,37,38] |
Intrahepatic fat | Reduced intrahepatic fat content; improved hepatic biomarkers; prevention/slowing of progression. | [19,21,25,40,41,42] |
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Barbería-Latasa, M.; Martínez-Urbistondo, D.; Martínez-González, M.A. The Role of the Mediterranean Diet and Alcohol Consumption in Chronic Liver Disease Prevention: A Narrative Review. Medicina 2025, 61, 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61101777
Barbería-Latasa M, Martínez-Urbistondo D, Martínez-González MA. The Role of the Mediterranean Diet and Alcohol Consumption in Chronic Liver Disease Prevention: A Narrative Review. Medicina. 2025; 61(10):1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61101777
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbería-Latasa, María, Diego Martínez-Urbistondo, and Miguel A. Martínez-González. 2025. "The Role of the Mediterranean Diet and Alcohol Consumption in Chronic Liver Disease Prevention: A Narrative Review" Medicina 61, no. 10: 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61101777
APA StyleBarbería-Latasa, M., Martínez-Urbistondo, D., & Martínez-González, M. A. (2025). The Role of the Mediterranean Diet and Alcohol Consumption in Chronic Liver Disease Prevention: A Narrative Review. Medicina, 61(10), 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61101777