Characteristics of COVID-19 Disease in Renal Transplant Recipients
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Participants (n = 150) | Control Group (n = 97) | Study Group (n = 53) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 56.0 (46.0–64.0) | 57.0 (47.5–65.0) | 54.0 (43.5–61.0) | 0.043 |
Male sex | 77 (51.3%) | 50 (51.5%) | 27 (50.9%) | 0.540 |
CSS | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 2.0 (0.0–2.5) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | <0.001 |
Arterial hypertension | 107 (71.3%) | 56 (57.7%) | 51 (96.2%) | <0.001 |
Chronic heart failure | 38 (25.3%) | 16 (16.5%) | 22 (41.5%) | 0.001 |
Gout | 31 (20.7%) | 8 (8.2%) | 23 (43.4%) | <0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 25 (16.7%) | 11 (11.3%) | 14 (26.4%) | 0.023 |
Study Group (n = 53) | |
---|---|
Time from the last transplant to hospitalization inyears | 5.0 (3.0–8.75) |
Type of kidney transplant | |
Living donor | 7 (13.2%) |
Cadaver | 46 (86.8%) |
Causes of kidney transplantation | |
Polycystic kidney disease | 7 (13.2%) |
Primary glomerulonephritis | 4 (7.5%) |
Hypertensive nephropathy | 3 (5.7%) |
Diabetic nephropathy | 3 (5.7%) |
Secondary glomerulonephritis | 2 (3.8%) |
Chronic pyelonephritis | 1 (1.9%) |
Congenital renal hypoplasia | 1 (1.9%) |
Chronic interstitial nephritis | 9 (17.0%) |
Juvenile nephropathy | 6 (11.3%) |
Number of transplantations | |
1 | 47 (90.4%) |
2 | 4 (7.7%) |
3 | 1 (1.9%) |
All Participants (n = 150) | Control Group (n = 97) | Study Group (n = 53) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of illness before hospitalization, days | 7.0 (4.0–10.0) | 7.0. (4.0–10.0) | 7.0 (4.0–11.0) | 0.513 |
NEWS score | ||||
on arrival | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.009 |
highest * | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 0.141 |
COVID-19 disease severity | <0.001 | |||
mild | 25 (16.7%) | 11 (11.3%) | 14 (26.4%) | 0.023 |
moderate | 23 (15.3%) | 15 (15.5%) | 8 (15.1%) | 1.000 |
severe | 85 (56.7%) | 68 (70.1%) | 17 (32.1%) | <0.001 |
critically severe | 17 (11.3%) | 3 (3.1%) | 14 (26.4%) | <0.001 |
Acute kidney injury | 19 (12.7%) | 1 (1.0%) | 18 (34.0%) | <0.001 |
Pneumonia | ||||
on arrival | 116 (77.3%) | 78 (80.4%) | 38 (71.7%) | 0.229 |
during hospitalization * | 125 (83.3%) | 86 (88.7%) | 39 (73.6%) | 0.023 |
Hypoxia upon arrival | 63 (42.0%) | 51 (52.6%) | 12 (22.6%) | <0.001 |
All Participants (n = 150) | Control Group (n = 97) | Study Group (n = 53) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Leukocyte, ×109/L | ||||
on arrival | 5.9 (4.5–8.2) | 6.0 (4.5–8.3) | 5.6 (4.3–7.7) | 0.589 |
highest * | 9.4 (7.3–13.2) | 9.4 (7.4–11.5) | 11.4 ± 5.9 | 0.233 |
Neutrophil, ×109/L | ||||
on arrival | 4.2 (3.0–6.3) | 4.3 (2.7–6.3) | 4.1 (3.3–6.4) | 0.827 |
highest * | 6.9 (4.9–10.8) | 6.7 (4.5–9.5) | 8.1 (5.4–12.7) | 0.018 |
Lymphocyte, ×109/L | ||||
on arrival | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.5) | 0.7 (0.6–1.0) | <0.001 |
lowest ** | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.5 (0.2–0.7) | <0.001 |
CRP, mg/L | ||||
on arrival | 53.1 (18.2–106.1) | 63.9 (18.3–130.7) | 40.4 (17.5–78.7) | 0.081 |
highest * | 75.9 (32.1–147.4) | 85.5 (31.7–143.6) | 70.8 (35.8–200.8) | 0.594 |
IL-6, ng/L | ||||
on arrival | 27.7 (12.6–48.3) | 27.2 (11.7–52.4) | 28.5 (12.6–40.8) | 0.545 |
highest * | 31.6 (14.2–54.8) | 31.8 (14.4–55.1) | 30.3 (12.6–51.5) | 0.812 |
Ferritin, μg/L | ||||
on arrival | 421.5 (186.0–917.8) | 362.0 (174.5–934.6) | 539.0 (192.0–928.0) | 0.530 |
highest * | 528.4 (214.8–1050.8) | 478.0 (213.2–934.6) | 558.0 (219.0–1202.0) | 0.376 |
LDH, U/L | ||||
on arrival | 278.0 (213.0–347.0) | 285.0 (219.5–367.0) | 261.0 (202.3–312.5) | 0.030 |
highest * | 282.0 (22.3–370.5) | 289.0 (223.0–380.0) | 267.0 (213.0–345.0) | 0.168 |
D-dimers, μg/L | ||||
on arrival | 397.5 (235.0–642.5) | 395.0 (235.0–595.0) | 405.0 (237.5–800.0) | 0.579 |
highest * | 457.5 (253.8–816.3) | 400.0 (240.0–630.0) | 515.0 (285.0–1067.5) | 0.095 |
Creatinine, μmol/L | ||||
on arrival | 92.8 (69.8–141.5) | 77.2 (64.0–97.1) | 171.5 (121.2–259.2) | <0.001 |
highest * | 95.5 (75.0–159.2) | 85.0 (66.7–97.3) | 180.0 (129.7–280.7) | <0.001 |
eGFR (CKD-EPI), ml/min/1.73 m2 | ||||
on arrival | 67.03 ± 28.5 | 87.1 (68.1–98.3) | 39.4 ±18.4 | <0.001 |
lowest ** | 60.59 ± 27.2 | 76.0 (60.7–90.0) | 31.0 (20.0–48.3) | <0.001 |
Urea, mmol/L | ||||
on arrival | 5.8 (4.3–9.7) | 5.0 (3.7–6.3) | 10.8 (7.2–17.9) | <0.001 |
highest * | 7.5 (5.0–12.0) | 5.6 (4.4–7.5) | 14.9 (9.7–25.2) | <0.001 |
LNR | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.020 |
All Participants (n = 150) | Control Group (n = 97) | Study Group (n = 53) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Duration of hospitalization, days | 12.0 (10.0–17.0) | 12.0 (10.0–16.0) | 12.0 (9.0–18.0) | 0.810 |
Oxygen therapy | 105 (70.0%) | 73 (75.3%) | 32 (60.4%) | 0.065 |
ICU | 15 (10.0%) | 3 (3.1%) | 12 (22.6%) | <0.001 |
ICU: HighFlow | 15 (100.0%) | 3 (100.0%) | 12 (100.0%) | - |
ICU: NIV | 7 (46.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (58.3%) | 0.200 |
ICU: IMV | 8 (53.3%) | 1 (33.3%) | 7 (58.3%) | 0.569 |
Remdesivir | 47 (31.3%) | 34 (35.1%) | 13 (24.5%) | 0.202 |
Dexametason | 106 (70.7%) | 65 (67.0%) | 41 (77.4%) | 0.196 |
Antibiotic therapy | 108 (72.0%) | 66 (68.0%) | 42 (79.2%) | 0.184 |
Modification of immunosuppressive treatment | - | - | 50 (94.3%) | |
Outcomes | <0.001 | |||
Death | 11 (7.3%) | 1 (1.0%) | 10 (18.9%) | |
Recovered | 139 (92.7%) | 96 (99.0%) | 43 (81.1%) |
Univariate Regression Analysis HR (95% CI) | p-Value | Multivariate Regression Analysis HR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 1.01 (0.95–1.06) | 0.860 | ||
CSS | 1.18 (0.95–1.45) | 0.133 | 1.27 (0.88–1.85) | 0.206 |
Transplantation | 11.23 (1.39–90.99) | 0.024 | 2.95 (0.26–33.40) | 0.383 |
NEWS value on arrival | 1.16 (0.85–1.60) | 0.346 | ||
Pneumonia | 30.19 (0.04–25,159.76) | 0.321 | ||
Hypoxemia | 2.49 (0.60–9.60) | 0.216 | ||
Creatinine on arrival, μmol/L | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.608 | ||
Urea, mmol/L | 1.05 (1.00–1.09) | 0.060 | 0.99 (0.91–1.08) | 0.822 |
Lymphocytes on arrival, ×109/L | 0.42 (0.10–1.83) | 0.251 | ||
LDH on arrival, U/L | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 0.246 | ||
LNR on arrival, | 0.20 (0.01–5.79) | 0.344 | ||
Oxygen therapy | 31.51 (0.04–27,536.70) | 0.318 | ||
Treatment in the ICU | 32.46 (3.80–277.16) | <0.001 | 20.71 (2.01–213.33) | 0.011 |
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Zimnickaitė, E.; Kucinaitė, I.; Zablockienė, B.; Lisinskaitė, A.; Zablockis, R.; Rimševičius, L.; Miglinas, M.; Jančorienė, L. Characteristics of COVID-19 Disease in Renal Transplant Recipients. Medicina 2024, 60, 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60020201
Zimnickaitė E, Kucinaitė I, Zablockienė B, Lisinskaitė A, Zablockis R, Rimševičius L, Miglinas M, Jančorienė L. Characteristics of COVID-19 Disease in Renal Transplant Recipients. Medicina. 2024; 60(2):201. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60020201
Chicago/Turabian StyleZimnickaitė, Emilija, Ieva Kucinaitė, Birutė Zablockienė, Aistė Lisinskaitė, Rolandas Zablockis, Laurynas Rimševičius, Marius Miglinas, and Ligita Jančorienė. 2024. "Characteristics of COVID-19 Disease in Renal Transplant Recipients" Medicina 60, no. 2: 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60020201
APA StyleZimnickaitė, E., Kucinaitė, I., Zablockienė, B., Lisinskaitė, A., Zablockis, R., Rimševičius, L., Miglinas, M., & Jančorienė, L. (2024). Characteristics of COVID-19 Disease in Renal Transplant Recipients. Medicina, 60(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60020201