Comparison of BODE and ADO Indices in Predicting COPD-Related Medical Costs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Clinical Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Factors | Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD) or N (%) |
---|---|
Male (%) | 382 (96.5) |
Age (years) | 73.1 ± 9.5 |
Body-mass index (BMI) | 23.5 ± 4.1 |
Smoking history (pack-years) | 31.7 ± 18.5 |
FVC (% of predicted value) | 79.7 ± 16.7 |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 52.7 ± 10.6 |
FEV1 (% of predicted value) | 55.2 ± 18.2 |
mMRC | 1.72 ± 0.9 |
mMRC dyspnea scale | |
Scale 0/1/2/3/4 | 25/133/173/56/9 |
6-MWD (m) | 351.9 ± 111.6 |
GOLD stage (%) | |
Mild | 46 (11.6) |
Moderate | 187 (47.2) |
Severe | 140 (35.4) |
Very severe | 23 (5.8) |
BODE INDEX | 3.0 ± 2.1 |
ADO INDEX | 4.9 ± 1.8 |
BODE quartile: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 (%) * | |
quartile 1 | 188 (47.5) |
quartile 2 | 109 (27.5) |
quartile 3 | 71 (17.9) |
quartile 4 | 28 (7.1) |
ADO quartile: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4(%) * | |
quartile 1 | 40 (10.1) |
quartile 2 | 124(31.3) |
quartile 3 | 152 (38.4) |
quartile 4 | 80 (20.2) |
CCI | 3.3 ± 2.8 |
Classification | BODE * Quartile | Mean | Frequency or Costs NT$ | p-Value/R2 | ADO * Quartile | Mean | Frequency or Costs NT$ | p-Value/R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Mean (95% CI)) | (Mean (95% CI)) | |||||||
Number of outpatient visits | 1 | 17.48 | 15.89–19.07 | 0.179/0.012 | 1 | 14.68 | 11.92–17.43 | 0.082/0.017 |
2 | 22.92 | 16.09–29.74 | 2 | 17.3 | 15.26–19.33 | |||
3 | 20.35 | 17.29–23.41 | 3 | 22.68 | 17.64–27.73 | |||
4 | 17.04 | 11.49–22.59 | 4 | 19.08 | 16.55–21.60 | |||
Outpatient medical expenses | 1 | 56,263.53 | 45,017.65–67,509.42 | 0.208/0.012 | 1 | 40,843.48 | 30,640.11–51,046.84 | 0.364/0.008 |
2 | 78,474.7 | 53,383.41–103,565.98 | 2 | 65,834.9 | 44,039.02–87,630.77 | |||
3 | 66,473.59 | 56,570.49–76,376.70 | 3 | 69,271.15 | 54,892.98–83,649.32 | |||
4 | 54,022.93 | 37,204.80–70,841.06 | 4 | 62,963.4 | 54,702.35–71,224.45 | |||
Number of hospitalizations | 1 | 0.51 | 0.37–0.65 | <0.001/0.093 | 1 | 0.35 | 0.11–0.59 | <0.001/0.065 |
2 | 1.04 | 0.71–1.36 | 2 | 0.56 | 0.38–0.73 | |||
3 | 1.68 | 1.12–2.23 | 3 | 1.11 | 0.82–1.40 | |||
4 | 2.14 | 0.98–3.31 | 4 | 1.69 | 1.11–2.26 | |||
Days of hospitalization | 1 | 4.31 | 2.86–5.77 | <0.001/0.128 | 1 | 2.75 | 0.53–4.97 | <0.001/0.071 |
2 | 9.69 | 5.86–13.52 | 2 | 4.56 | 2.74–6.39 | |||
3 | 19.1 | 12.33–25.87 | 3 | 12.16 | 8.37–15.94 | |||
4 | 32.89 | 14.55–51.24 | 4 | 20.25 | 12.60–27.90 | |||
Hospitalization expenses | 1 | 21,828.63 | 10608.77–33048.50 | 0.047/0.020 | 1 | 11,865.83 | −859.49−24,591.14 | 0.179/0.012 |
2 | 31,712.98 | 18360.53–45065.44 | 2 | 25,597.92 | 9280.94–41,914.90 | |||
3 | 44,593.3 | 26077.23–63109.36 | 3 | 35,292.59 | 23,548.79–47,036.39 | |||
4 | 57,114.36 | 20197.08–94031.63 | 4 | 41,407.2 | 24,540.00–58,274.4 | |||
Total medical costs | 1 | 78,092.16 | 61,640.81–94,543.52 | 0.072/0.018 | 1 | 52,709.3 | 36,714.96–68,703.64 | 0.098/0.016 |
2 | 110,187.69 | 81,603.47–138,771.90 | 2 | 91,432.81 | 63,742.03–119,123.60 | |||
3 | 111,066.9 | 88,153.57–133,980.23 | 3 | 104,563.7 | 85,295.18–123,832.31 | |||
4 | 111,137.32 | 72,886.00–149,388.64 | 4 | 104,370.6 | 85,685.52–123,055.73 |
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Li, C.-L.; Chang, H.-C.; Tseng, C.-W.; Tsai, Y.-C.; Liu, J.-F.; Tsai, M.-L.; Lin, M.-C.; Liu, S.-F. Comparison of BODE and ADO Indices in Predicting COPD-Related Medical Costs. Medicina 2023, 59, 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030577
Li C-L, Chang H-C, Tseng C-W, Tsai Y-C, Liu J-F, Tsai M-L, Lin M-C, Liu S-F. Comparison of BODE and ADO Indices in Predicting COPD-Related Medical Costs. Medicina. 2023; 59(3):577. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030577
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Chin-Ling, Hui-Chuan Chang, Ching-Wan Tseng, Yuh-Chyn Tsai, Jui-Fang Liu, Meng-Lin Tsai, Meng-Chih Lin, and Shih-Feng Liu. 2023. "Comparison of BODE and ADO Indices in Predicting COPD-Related Medical Costs" Medicina 59, no. 3: 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030577